特定区域密集观测的低轨卫星星座最优设计方法  

Optimal design of low-earth-orbit satellite constellation for regional fast revisit

作　　者：马剑[1,2] 孟雅哲 朱小龙[1,2] 何胜茂 高扬[1] MA Jian1,2, MENG YaZhe1,2, ZHU XiaoLong1,2, HE ShengMao1,2 , GAO Yang1(1Key Lab. of Space Applications, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China;2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, Chin)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院太空应用重点实验室中国科学院空间应用工程与技术中心,北京100094 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国科学：技术科学》2018年第2期170-184,共15页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:11372311);中国科学院空间科学研究院培育项目资助

摘　　要：利用较少数目低轨卫星构建星座实现对特定区域的密集观测任务是2016年第8届中国力学学会全国空间轨道设计竞赛乙组题目的主要内容.本文描述了中国科学院空间应用工程与技术中心的设计方法与结果(该设计结果获得本届竞赛一等奖).针对地面特定区域内225个目标点重访周期小于1 h的观测需求,采用了基于多条共星下点轨迹构建卫星星座的设计方法,旨在使得所需要的低轨卫星颗数最少.星座设计方法包括建立"圆形回归轨道-目标点"数据库、全局搜索可观测所有目标点的圆形回归轨道以及共星下点轨迹卫星星座轨道参数求解等3个主要步骤.设计结果验证了该方法在求解较少卫星颗数、地面特定区域多目标点密集观测问题的有效性.该设计方法有望拓展为低轨卫星星座设计的一类通用方法.Constructing a constellation using as few satellites as possible is the main content of the Problem B of the 8 th Chinese Trajectory Optimization Competition. This article presents the method and the result（which won the first prize in the competition） of the team from the Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences. In order to establish a low-Earth-orbit constellation that can cover a total of 225 target points on the ground with the revisiting time interval no more than 1 h, we proposed a design method in which the key idea is to place multiple satellites in the same repeated ground-track orbit, and this idea contributes to minimize the number of satellites in the constellation. The process to establish such a constellation consists of three main steps： firstly,constructing the ＂repeated ground-track orbits vs. target-points＂ database; secondly, searching for the minimum number of repeated ground-track orbits that can cover all the target points in a repeated ground-track period; thirdly, computing the orbital elements of the required satellites for satisfying the constraint of revisiting time interval less than 1 h. The design result shows that the constellation design method is effective and is expected to extend to be a general method to deal with the problem： constructing a constellation using a minimum number of satellites that covers specified target points on the ground with required revisiting time intervals.

关 键 词：区域覆盖 共星下点轨迹 卫星星座 遗传算法 密集重访 

分 类 号：V412.41[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]