不同化学试剂和处理方式加倍小麦单倍体植株的效果  

Effects of Different Chemicals and Treatment Methods on Chromosome Doubling of Haploid Wheat Plants

作　　者：尹米琦 张双喜[2] 范春捆[3] 王坤杨 王静 王轲[1] 杜丽璞[1] 叶兴国[1] YIN MiQi1, ZHANG ShuangXi2, FAN ChunKun3, WANG KunYang1, WANG Jing1, WANG Ke1, DU LiPu1, YE XingGuot(llnstitute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences~National Key Facility for Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081; 2 Crop Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agri-Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750105; 3Agricultural Institute, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lasa 850032)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农作物基因资源与基因改良国家重大科学工程,北京100081 [2]宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所,银川750105 [3]西藏自治区农牧科学院农业研究所,拉萨850032

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2018年第5期811-820,共10页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0102001);中国农业科学院科技创新工程

摘　　要：【目的】长期以来,小麦单倍体植株染色体加倍主要采用移栽前秋水仙素溶液通气浸泡分蘖节方法,该方法存在操作复杂、污染环境等问题,而且秋水仙素毒性较强、用量较大、价格较高。本研究的目的是建立小麦单倍体植株简便、安全、高效的加倍方法,寻找可以替代秋水仙素用于小麦单倍体植株加倍的化学试剂。【方法】通过小麦品系Fielder花药培养,小麦品种科农199、新春9号和小麦品系CB037、中国春(CS)与玉米自交系郑58杂交获得小麦单倍体植株,小麦品系中国春与甘肃黑麦杂交获得小麦-黑麦双单倍体植株,利用0、5、10和20mmol·L^(-1)秋水仙素溶液分别采取分蘖节加注、叶片涂抹和培养基表面添加方式对不同来源小麦单倍体植株进行加倍,并采用培养基表面添加0、30、60和120μmol·L^(-1)甲基胺草磷、炔苯酰草胺和氟乐灵溶液对小麦单倍体植株及小麦-黑麦双单倍体植株加倍,比较不同加倍方法和3种除草剂的加倍效果,确定各个加倍试剂的适宜浓度。【结果】不同浓度秋水仙素溶液(0、5、10和20 mmol·L^(-1))加注小麦与玉米杂交单倍体植株分蘖节部位对小麦单倍体植株不具有加倍效果,不宜在小麦单倍体植株加倍中采用。10 mmol·L^(-1)秋水仙素溶液涂抹拔节期小麦单倍体植株叶片的加倍率为7.7%,其他3个秋水仙素溶液浓度没有加倍成功,也不适合小麦单倍体植株加倍。培养基表面添加4个浓度秋水仙素溶液处理小麦花药培养单倍体植株的加倍率分别为26.7%、42.9%、73.3%和85.7%。表明培养基表面添加秋水仙素溶液对小麦单倍体植株的加倍效果最好,适宜浓度至少为20 mmol·L^(-1)。培养基表面添加0、30、60和120μmol·L^(-1)炔苯酰草胺溶液处理小麦与玉米杂交单倍体植株的加倍率分别为0、0—57.1%、28.6%—75.0%和0—100%,其他2种除草剂处理小麦与玉米杂交单倍体植株没有成功【Objective】 The treatment of tillering node with colchicine in a pump solution has long been widely used for chromosome doubling of haploid wheat plants before transplanting. However, this method has some disadvantages, for example, complicated manipulation and environmental or container pollution. Moreover, colchicine is some toxic, and large amount of application is not cost effective. The purposes of this study were to develop a simple, safe and efficient method for chromosome doubling of wheat haploid plants, and to evaluate a chemical that is suitable for the replacement of colchicine for chromosome doubling in wheat. 【Method】 The haploid wheat plants were obtained by anther culture for wheat line Fielder, and by crossing with the maize inbred line Zheng58 for wheat cultivars/lines Kenong199, Xinchun9, Chinese Spring and CB037 via chromosome elimination. Wheat line Chinese Spring was also crossed with rye line Gansu Heimai to produce wheat-rye double haploid plants. Chromosome doubling of different wheat haploid plants was conducted using the colchicine solutions at the concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 20 mmol·L^（-1） through tiller node adding after transplanting, leaf painting after transplanting, and medium surface adding before transplanting. Additionally, the supplement of amiprophos-methyl, trifluralin, and propyzamide at the concentrations of 0, 30, 60 and 120 μmol·L^（-1） on medium surface adding was used to double chromosomes of the wheat haploid plants and the wheat-rye double haploid plants. The efficiency of chromosome doubling by different treatment methods was compared and the optimal concentrations of different chemicals were determined. 【Result】 Results indicated that the application of different concentrations of colchicine（0, 5, 10, and 20 mmol·L^（-1）） by tiller node adding couldn＇t be able to double the wheat haploid plants from the cross of wheat and maize, so it is not useful in chromosome doubling of wheat haploid plants. A doubling frequency of 7.7% was f

关 键 词：小麦 单倍体植株 远缘杂交 花药培养 加倍试剂 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]