2010-2016年中国大陆法定传染病流行特征分析  

Epidemiological features analysis of notifiable infectious diseases in China's Mainland,2010-2016

作　　者：徐兰英[1] 余志祥[1] XU Lanying;YU Zhixiang(The Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Zhengzhou, Henan, Zhengzhou 450007,Chin)

机构地区：[1]郑州市疾病预防控制中心,河南郑州450007

出　　处：《河南预防医学杂志》2018年第4期244-247,291,共5页Henan Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析2010-2016年中国大陆(不含港澳台)法定传染病的流行特征,为制定传染病最佳预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法收集中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会公布的中国法定传染病疫情资料,并进行整理和分析。结果 7年间累计报告46 635 017例,发病率为491.93/10万,累计死亡116 576例,死亡率为1.23/10万,病死率为0.25%。7年间报告甲类传染病2种386例,发病率0.004 1/10万;乙类传染病26种21 776 418例,发病率229.71/10万,略呈下降趋势;丙类传染病11种24 858 213例,发病率262.22/10万,每隔一年增多。7年内甲乙类传染病中,血源及性传播疾病发病最多,占56.12%,死亡病例也最多,占74.34%;虫媒及自然疫源性传染病病死率最高,为1.739 0%。肠道类传染病的发病率呈逐年减少趋势;虫媒及自然疫源性传染病、肠道类传染病和呼吸道类传染病的死亡率呈逐年减少趋势,血源及性传播传染病的死亡率呈逐年增加趋势。7年内报告新生儿破伤风发病3 899例,死亡269例,病死率为6.90%,发病数和死亡数均呈逐年减少趋势。报告的传染病病种位于前几位的为手足口病、病毒性肝炎、肺结核、其它感染性腹泻病、梅毒和流行性腮腺炎等。结论疫情总体稳定,但血源及性传播疾病发病率和死亡率均较高且有上升趋势,应重点防控,病毒性肝炎、肺结核等疫苗可预防疾病的发病率仍然很高,应加强宣传教育,提高民众的认知和免疫水平。Objective To provide a scientific basis for formulating the best control and prevention strategy through analyzing the epidemiological features of notifiable infectious diseases in China's Mainland from 2010 to 2016.Method The notifiable infectious diseases that reported by National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People＇s Republic of China,were collected and analyzed.Results 46 635 017 cases were reported,the incidence rate was 491.93 per 100 000.116576 deaths were reported and the mortality was 1.23 per 100 000.The case fatality rate was 0.25 %.386 cases of 2 kinds of A notifiable diseases were reported,the incidence rate was 0.0041 per 100 000. 21 776 418 cases of 26 kinds of B notifiable diseases were reported,the incidence rate was 229.7l per 100 000 and declined slowly.24 858 213 cases of 11 kinds of C notifiable diseases were reported,the incidence rate was 262.22 per 100 000 and rised every other year.Blood and sexually transmitted disease had become the highest morbidity and mortality infectious disease in the class A and B cases during the last 7 years,and the proportion was 56.12 % and 74~34 % respectively.Fatality rate of natural foci and vector-borne diseases was 1.7390 % ,which was the highest.The incidence of intestinal infectious diseases declined year byyear,and the mortality of natural foci and vector-borne diseases,intestinal infectious diseases, respiratory infectious diseases had the same trend,but Blood and sexually transmitted disease＇ s incidence increased year by year.3 899 cases and 269 deaths of neonatal tetanus were reported in the last 7 years. Tts fatality rate was 6.90 % and its incidence and mortality declined year by year.The infectious diseases reported in the first few were hand-foot-and-mouth disease,viral hepatitis,tuberculosis,other infectious diarrheal diseases,syphilis and mumpsrespectively. Conclusion The epidemic situation of notifiable infectious diseases were stable in China's Mainland during the last 7 years. Prevention and control measures should focu

关 键 词：法定传染病 发病率 死亡率 

分 类 号：R51[医药卫生—内科学]