小麦花生一体化施肥对麦套花生生理特性及产量的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilizer on Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Peanut Intercropped with Wheat

作　　者：刘兆新[1] 刘妍[1] 杨坚群 甄晓宇 栗鑫鑫 杨东清[1] 李向东[1] LIU Zhaoxin, LIU Yan, YANG Jianqun, ZHEN Xiaoyu, LI Xinxin, YANG Dongqing, LI Xiangdong(State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai ＇an, Shandong 27101)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2018年第1期344-351,共8页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD11B04-2);国家自然科学基金项目(30840056;31171496);山东省现代农业产业技术体系花生创新团队首席专家专项基金项目(SDAIT-04-01)

摘　　要：以大花生品种606为材料,选用N-P2O5-K2O含量相同的普通复合肥和控释复合肥,设置不施肥(CK)、拔节期施普通复合肥(JCF)、拔节期施控释复合肥(JCRF)、挑旗期施普通复合肥(FCF)、挑旗期施控释复合肥(FCRF)5个处理,研究了不同肥料类型及施肥方式对麦套花生叶片叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数、根系活力、硝酸还原酶活性和抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明:与普通复合肥处理相比较,控释复合肥处理的F_v/F_m、F_v/F_o和ΦPSⅡ在结荚期之前差异不显著,但在饱果期与成熟期显著高于JCF处理;根系活力与硝酸还原酶活性的变化规律与F_v/F_m、F_v/F_o和ΦPSⅡ基本一致;控释复合肥处理的SOD、POD和APX在花生苗期无明显差异,但在中后期显著升高,丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低,且小麦挑旗期追肥处理效果优于拔节期追肥。控释复合肥处理对小麦产量无明显影响,但显著提高了花生产量,JCRF处理的荚果产量和籽仁产量较JCF分别提高5.1%和7.6%,FCRF较FCF处理提高5.9%和8.0%。表明在施NP2O5-K2O等量的条件下,控释复合肥能够满足花生生长后期对养分的需求,改善叶肉细胞的光合性能,增强根系活力和NR活性,促进根系对养分的吸收。同时,提高中后期清除活性氧的能力,有助于延缓叶片衰老,从而提高麦套花生产量。两类型肥料对小麦和花生两种作物产量的提高均以挑旗期追肥效果最佳,拔节期追肥次之。Using peanut variety 606 as experimental material,five treatments including CK（no fertilizer application）,JCF（applying common compound fertilizer at jointing stage）,JCRF（applying controlled-release compound fertilizer at jointing stage）,FCF（applying common compound fertilizer at flagging stage）,FCRF（applying controlled-release compound fertilizer at flagging stage）were set under the same application rates of N-P2 O5-K2 O,to test the effects of different fertilizers and different application methods on chlorophyll content,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of leaves,root system vigor,the nitrate reductase activity and antioxidant activity at different growth stages of peanut.The results showed that there was no significantly difference in Fv/Fm,Fv/FoandФPSⅡbetween applying controlled-release compound fertilizer and applying common compound fertilizer before pod-setting stage,but the three parameters of applying controlled-release compound fertilizer were significantly higher than those of applying common compound fertilizer at pod-filling and mature stages.Trends of root vigor and nitrate reductase activity were similar with those of Fv/Fm,Fv/FoandФPSⅡ.There was no obvious difference in the contents of SOD,POD and APX between applying common compound fertilizer and applying controlled-release compound fertilizer at seedling stage,but these parameters of applying controlled-release compound fertilizer significantly increased at middle and later stage,while MDA content decreased,and topdressing fertilizer at flagging stage was better than that at jointing stage.Controlled-release compound fertilizer had no significant effect on wheat yield,but significantly increased the yield of peanut.The pod yield and kernel yield in the JCRF treatment were increased by 5.1%and 7.6%,respectively,compared with the JCF treatment,and the yields in the FCRF treatment were increased by 5.9%and 8.0%,respectively,compared with the FCF treatment.Under the conditions of same application rates of N-P2 O5-K2 O and

关 键 词：控释肥 麦套花生 叶绿素荧光 抗氧化系统 产量 

分 类 号：S147.3[农业科学—肥料学]