水分胁迫对不同倍性小麦穗部干物质积累和分配及转运的影响  

Influence of Water Status on Characteristics of Dry Matter Accumulation,Distribution,Transport and Its Contribution to Grain Yield in Different Ploidy Wheat Species

作　　者：李媛媛 李玉萍 王楠 李红兵[1] 张岁岐[1,2] LI Yuanyuan1 , LI Yuping1 , WANG Nan1 , LI Hongbing1 , ZHANG Suiqi1,2(1. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau/Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A ＆ F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau/Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,Chin)

机构地区：[1]黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室/西北农林科技大学,陕西杨凌712100 [2]黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室/中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2018年第3期285-292,共8页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家"十二五"重大科技支撑计划课题(2015BAD22B01);国家自然科学基金项目(31500320)

摘　　要：为了进一步挖掘小麦穗部的干物质生产潜力,以野生一粒小麦(Triticum boeoticum,二倍体)、野生二粒小麦(T.dicoccoides,四倍体)、碧蚂1号(T.aestivum Bima 1,六倍体)3种不同染色体倍性小麦为材料,在干旱和灌水两种水分处理下,比较不同倍性小麦品种穗部干物质分配规律、转运特性及对产量的贡献率。结果表明,在两种水分条件下,不同倍体小麦穗部各器官干物质分配规律存在差异,与六倍体和二倍体小麦相比,四倍体小麦的穗轴、颖壳干物质分配率最低,其花前干物质转运量、转运效率及对籽粒的贡献率最高。六倍体的花后干物质积累量及其对籽粒的贡献率均大于其他两种小麦。水分胁迫由于降低了营养器官开花前贮藏同化物向籽粒的再分配及花后干物质的积累与转运,从而降低了产量。水分胁迫下,四倍体小麦的产量下降幅度最小,可能与四倍体小麦穗部干物质分配率低、转运效率高有关,其穗部器官干物质能更多地向籽粒转运分配,滞留物最少,使得千粒重增加。因此,水分胁迫下,四倍体小麦表现出更强的耐旱性。Drought is a major limiting factor in wheat production in arid and semi-arid areas. It is important to understand the mechanisms of plants adapting to water-limited conditions and select wheat genotypes better suited to drought. In this study,three wheat species with different ploidy（YY.Triti- cure boeoticum-diploid; YE ： T. dicoccoides-tetraploid and BM ： T. aestivum ‘ Bima 1 ＇-hexaploid） were used,and the distribution pattern,the translocation characteristics and the contribution rate of ear to grain yield were compared under drought and irrigation conditions. The results indicated that the pat- terns of dry matter distribution in various organs of spike were different in different ploidy wheat spe- cies. Compared to the hexaploid and diploid wheat species,the dry matter distribution rate in rachis, and glume were the lowest; the dry matter translocation amount, translocation ratio and the contribution rate to grain before anthesis were the highest in the tetraploid wheat. The dry matter accumula- tion after anthesis and its contribution rate to grain in the hexaploid wheat were higher than that in the other two wheat species. In the evolution process of wheat from diploid to tetraploid and hexaploid, the grain yield increased significantly. Water stress decreased the redistribution of pre-anthesis assimilate to grain and the accumulation and translocation of dry matter after anthesis,which resulted in the decrease of yield. Under water stress,the decrease of yield of the tetraploid wheat was the smallest. This is possible to be associated with the lower distribution of dry matter in the ear and the higher translocation ratio of each organ in the tetraploid wheat. The higher dry matter translocation efficiency with the lower dry matter retention amount in the ear of the tetraploid wheat contributed to the increase of the 1000-kernel weight. This may be the underlying reason that the tetraploid wheat showed stronger drought resistance under water stress.

关 键 词：不同倍体小麦 穗 干物质积累和分配 产量 贡献率 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311