自供能传感器能量采集技术的研究现状  

Research Status of the Self-Powered Sensor Energy Harvesting Technology

作　　者：杜小振[1] 张龙波[1] 于红 曾庆良[1] Du Xiaozhen1,Zhang Longbo1,Yu Hong2,Zeng Qingliang1(1. College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; 2. College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, Chin)

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学机械电子工程学院,山东青岛266590 [2]中国石油大学(华东)理学院,山东青岛266580

出　　处：《微纳电子技术》2018年第4期265-275,283,共12页Micronanoelectronic Technology

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2015M582113);山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2016EEM23)

摘　　要：归纳了国内外自供能微电源技术的研究现状,阐述了环境能量采集技术结构设计与能量转换机理。当前能量采集器主要依靠特殊功能材料完成能量转换,耦合方式包括：压电效应、磁致伸缩效应、摩擦发电效应、热释电效应、静电效应、光电效应等。能量来源包括：振动机械能、磁场能、摩擦能、温差能、风能、海洋能和太阳能等。能量采集器的结构形式有单一能量转换和复合能量转换等。为了提高能量采集装置的发电性能,研究重点是结构优化设计、换能材料改性、降低储能电路自损耗等。自供能微电源未来的发展趋势包括增强环境自适应能力、改进自供电能量转换效率、加快实用化步伐等。The research status of the self-powered micro-power technology at home and abroad is summarized,and the structural design and energy conversion mechanism of the environmental energy harvesting technology are expounded.The energy harvester mainly depends on the special functional materials to realize the energy conversion.The main coupling modes include the piezoelectric effect, magnetostrictive effect,triboelectric effect,pyroelectric effect,electrostatic effect,photoelectric effect and so on.The energy sources include the vibration mechanical energy,magnetic field energy,friction energy,temperature difference energy,wind energy,ocean energy,solar energy and so on.The structures of the energy harvester usually are the single and composite energy conversion forms.In order to improve the power generation performances of energy harvesting devices,the structural optimization design,modification of transduce materials,self-loss reduction of energy storage circuits and so on are mainly researched.The future development trends of the self-powered micro-power include enhancing the environment selfadaptability,improving the conversion efficiency of self-powered energy,accelerating the practical process and so on.

关 键 词：能量采集技术 低功耗系统 环境能源 微机电系统(MEMS) 微电源 

分 类 号：TM919[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动] TH703[机械工程—仪器科学与技术]