小麦/向日葵间作群体水盐运移机理及种间竞争能力研究  

Water and Salt Migration Mechanism and Competitive Ability in Wheat-Sunflower Intercropping System

作　　者：张作为[1,2] 史海滨 刘德平[2] 李仙岳 闫建文[1] 李宏宇[3] ZHANG Zuowei1,2 SHI Haibin1 LIU Deping2 LI Xianyue1 YAN Jianwen1 LI Hongyu3(1. College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China 2. School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China 3. College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Chin)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]东北农业大学水利与土木工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [3]东北农业大学农学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2018年第3期243-251,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51539005;51269015);黑龙江省博士后资助经费项目(LBH-Z17033);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD29B03)

摘　　要：为量化分析河套灌区小麦/向日葵间作群体两作物间相互利用水量、盐分运移机理,明确两作物间种间相对竞争能力,采用根系分隔技术进行试验。研究结果表明:小麦/向日葵间作群体生育期内小麦条带利用向日葵侧水量为78.23~94.23 m^3/hm^2,向日葵条带利用小麦侧水量为44.96~57.97 m^3/hm^2,其中根系在土壤空间的交叉叠加效应可以多利用18.56~42.84 m^3/hm^2小麦带土壤水量,20.79~46.63 m^3/hm^2向日葵带土壤水量,降低1.32%~4.64%小麦条带土壤EC均值,2.26%~3.16%向日葵条带土壤EC均值。水分养分互补效应可以多利用15.12~26.40 m^3/hm^2小麦带土壤水量,47.60~57.44 m^3/hm^2向日葵带土壤水量,降低2.98%~4.69%小麦条带土壤EC均值,1.82%~2.44%向日葵条带土壤EC均值。种间相对竞争能力上,间作群体内小麦的竞争能力强于向日葵,限制间作群体根系的交叉叠加及水分养分互补效应有利于提升向日葵的种间相对竞争能力。In order to quantitatively analyze the issues on the mutual use of water and the mechanism of salt migration,clear the relative competitive between the two species of intercropping in wheat-sunflower intercropping system in Hetao irrigation area,the experiment was conducted based on root separation method. The results showed that in wheat-sunflower intercropping system,the wheat utilized 78. 23 ~94. 23 m^3/hm^2 of water by the side of sunflower. Meanwhile,the sunflower utilized 44. 96 ~ 57. 97 m^3/hm^2 of water by the side of wheat. By the cross superposition effect of soil internal space,more soil water of18. 56 ~ 42. 84 m^3/hm^2 and 20. 79 ~ 46. 63 m^3/hm^2 in wheat and sunflower belts may be utilized,the mean value of root soil EC in wheat and sunflower belts could be reduced by 1. 32% ~ 4. 64% and2. 26% ~ 3. 16%,respectively. By the water and nutrient complementarity effect of soil internal space,more soil water of 15. 12 ~ 26. 40 m^3/hm^2 and 47. 60 ~ 57. 44 m^3/hm^2 in wheat and sunflower belts may be utilized,the mean value of root soil EC in wheat and sunflower belts could be reduced by 2. 98% ~4. 69% and 1. 82% ~ 2. 44%,respectively. For the relative competitive ability between the two species in intercropping system,the wheat was stronger than sunflower,limiting the cross superposition effect and water and nutrient complementarity effect of root in intercropping system was conducive to upgrading the relative competitive ability between the two species of sunflower.

关 键 词：间作群体 隔根 相互利用水量 土壤EC均值 间作优势 种间相对竞争能力 

分 类 号：S344.2[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S156.4[农业科学—农艺学]