孤独症者面孔加工中眼部注视不足,是回避还是忽视?  

The diminished attention to eye in the face processing of individuals with autism spectrum disorder

作　　者：荆伟[1] 刘仔琴 JING Wei1, LIU Ziqin2(1 College of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi＇an 710062, China; 2 Qiannan Special Education School, Duyun 558022, Chin)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学教育学院,西安710062 [2]黔南州特殊教育学校,贵州都匀558022

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2018年第3期476-487,共12页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：2014年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目:"情境影响自闭症儿童运用眼睛注视线索习得词语的研究"(项目编号:14YJC880024)资助

摘　　要：临床行为观察发现,孤独症谱系障碍(Autism Spectrum Disorder,简称ASD)个体在社会交往中较少注视他人眼部。近年的眼动研究发现,ASD个体面孔加工中的眼部注视不足随年龄增长而逐渐显现,与脑电技术相结合的眼动研究进一步发现ASD个体的面孔认知加工障碍与眼部注视不足存在关联。该障碍的潜在认知神经机制可能既源于原生性的杏仁核激活异常,也源于次生性的社会脑发展异常。然而,ASD个体的杏仁核是过度激活主动回避眼部还是激活不足被动忽视眼部尚无定论。今后研究者应横跨不同年龄阶段和不同研究层次,同时搜集眼动与神经生理数据,开展横向比较与纵向追踪相结合的相关研究。Early clinical observational research found that individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder（ASD） were less likely to look at others＇ eyes during social interactions. However, recent eye-tracking studies have found that diminished eye region fixation in face processing of individuals with ASD is gradually appearing along with the age growth, which is associated with face processing impairment. The underlying cognitive neural mechanism may be derived not only originally from the abnormal amygdala activation, but also secondarily from the abnormal social brain development. However, it is not yet clear whether the ASD individual＇s amygdala is hyperactivated to actively avoid eyes or is hypoactivated to passively overlook eyes. In the future, researchers should conduct the combination studies of vertical comparison and horizontal tracking across different age stages and different research levels by collecting both eye movement and neural physiological data.

关 键 词：ASD个体 面孔加工 眼部注视不足 杏仁核激活异常 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学]