心理解剖及其在自杀研究中的应用  

Psychological autopsy and its application in suicide research

作　　者：吴才智[1] 谌燕 孙启武[1] 于丽霞[1] 江光荣[1] WU Cai-Zhi, CHEN Yan, SUN Qi-Wu, YU Li-Xia, JIANG Guang-Rong(Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyber psychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University and Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, Chin)

机构地区：[1]青少年网络心理与行为教育部重点实验室华中师范大学心理学院湖北省人的发展与心理健康重点实验室,武汉430079

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2018年第3期503-517,共15页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金："湖北高校大学生自杀个案十年调研分析报告(2004-2013)"(项目批准号:13zd028);国家社科基金重大项目(16ZDA232)资助

摘　　要：心理解剖是一种综合性、回顾性的研究方法,指的是通过访谈死者的知情人或信息代理人,收集死者生前和死后的相关信息,重新构建死者的社会、生理、心理状况,以推定其自杀的危险因素。研究表明,心理解剖对自杀研究有着重要贡献,是自杀研究中最有价值的工具之一。本文主要分为两部分:一部分主要论述了心理解剖的研究过程,为该方法在自杀研究中的应用提供参考;另一部分论述了通过心理解剖研究得到的自杀的危险因素,帮助更加详细地了解心理解剖在自杀研究中的研究进展。未来应该进一步加强心理解剖的本土化研究和跨文化研究;同时有必要应用心理解剖进一步探索自杀的多个危险因素之间的交互作用。Psychological autopsy（PA） is a systematic and retrospective method in order to figure out the risk factors of suicide. Collecting materials from the informants and the proxy respondents of the deceased, Psychological autopsy could reconstruct the physical, psychological and social state of the deceased. Studies have shown that psychological autopsy is one of the most valuable tools for suicide research. This paper systematically introduces the research method of psychological autopsy, and its applications in the field of suicide research. Consequently, the paper discusses the research advancement on the risk factors of suicide using the method of psychological autopsy. Further studies should be carried out from a culturally sensitive perspective. It is also necessary to implement the method of psychological autopsy to explore the complex interaction among the multiple risk factors of suicide.

关 键 词：自杀 心理解剖 精神障碍 人格障碍 生活事件 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学]