自然权利观念与美国早期的劳工运动  

The Concept of Natural Rights and the Early Labour Movement in the United States

作　　者：蔡萌[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文与传播学院,上海200234

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2018年第3期37-50,共14页History Teaching

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"自然权利话语与美国早期政治文化研究"(项目编号:15CSS021);上海市高校高峰高原学科建设计划资助项目的阶段性成果

摘　　要：十九世纪上半叶,为了反抗剥削性的资本主义雇佣关系,挽回失去的独立、平等和尊严,美国早期劳工运动的参与者们对于传统的自然权利观念进行了重新挖掘和阐释。他们把"拥有自己的劳动成果"说成是一种不可剥夺的自然权利,从而将"自由"的内涵延伸到了经济平等的领域。他们将自己视为美国革命事业的继承者和完成者,不仅重新界定了《独立宣言》在宣示人类普遍权利方面的意义,而且赋予了"独立"一词以"摆脱经济依附"的新涵义。他们还试图复活被主流政治话语所驱逐的潘恩式激进共和主义的思想遗产,并将其与自己当下的抗争运动结合起来。In the first half of the 19th century, in order to against the exploitative capitalism employment relationship, to restore the lost of independence, equality and dignity, the participants of the early labor movement in the United States resurrected and reinterpreted the traditional concept of natural rights. They described ＂having their own fruits of labour＂ as an imprescriptible natural right, which sequentially extends the connotation of ＂freedom＂ into the field of economic equality. They regarded themselves as the successor and consummator of the American revolution. They not only redefined the significance of The Declaration of Independence on announcing the general human rights, and also gave the word ＂independent＂ new meaning of ＂out of economic dependence＂. They also tried to revive the legacy of Paine＇s radical republicanism which was expelled by political discourse mainstream, and combined it with their current struggle.

关 键 词：自然权利 劳工 生产者 独立宣言 托马斯·潘恩 

分 类 号：K712[历史地理—历史学]