ON IF AN INSURANCE POLICY IS A PERFECT CONTRACT OF INDEMNITY IN MARINE INSURANCE  

作　　者：Wang Han 

机构地区：[1]Postdoctoral Fellow at China University of Political Science and Law

出　　处：《China Legal Science》2018年第2期78-98,共21页中国法学（英文版）

摘　　要：Marine insurance is a crucial part of international marine trade as its policies play a key role in the international marine trade. The insurance policy is seen as a contract of indemnity in the legal opinion, thus an explanation on how a policy of insurance acts as a contract of indemnity from its nature and details of its history will form the first part of this essay. The next part will look at considerations from the viewpoint that an insurance policy is not a perfect contract of indemnity which was first stated by Justice Patteson in the case Irving v. Manning, particularly as he indicated that the valued policy was an example imperfection of the contracts of marine insurance. Advantages, disadvantages and the problems which may arise in the practice of valued policy in order to show how it acts as a practical policy of insurance will be detailed. Finally, case examples will be illustrated on the measures of indemnity to show how the courts and statutes considered making such a policy fairer and more applicable.保险合同可以分为赔偿性保险合同和非赔偿性保险合同,从广义上而言,所有的财产保险是典型的赔偿性保险,海上保险是其中之一。在赔偿性合同中,损失是一个必须要素,被保险人受到的损失应与其能得到的赔偿相关联。在英国Richards v.Forestal Land,Timber and Railways Co.Ltd一案中,英国上议院法律委员会将"损失赔偿原则"确认为MIA1906的基本原则,其中第1条开宗明义明确了海上保险合同的性质即是损失赔偿合同。然而,海上保险合同可否被视为完善的赔偿合同?英国法官Patteson在Irving v.Manning一案中首次明确提出,在海上保险合同中,定值保单是不完善赔偿合同的典型,其原因和缺陷是本文探讨的重点问题之一。但是,基于定值保单能够减轻被保险人对于适保价值的举证负担、避免繁琐的理赔程序、便于确定赔偿金额等这些不容小觑的优势,它被大量用于海上保险中,船舶保险、货物保险和运费保险多以定值保险的形式存在。在这种情况下,法律和法院是如何在实践中解决定值保单的赔偿问题的、如何使损害发生后被保险人得到公平公正的赔偿、司法改革如何提高定值保单在海上保险中的可适用性,这些问题亦在本文进行综合分析。

关 键 词：赔偿性 保险合同 MIA 

分 类 号：D[政治法律]