论我国食品侵权惩罚性赔偿的不足与完善  

Discussion on the Deficiency and Perfection of Punitive Damages for Food Infringement in China

作　　者：和丽军[1] He Lijun(Yunnan Police Officer Academy, Kunming 650223, Chin)

机构地区：[1]云南警官学院法学院,云南昆明650223

出　　处：《湖北警官学院学报》2017年第6期28-33,共6页Journal of Hubei University of Police

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地中国人民大学民商事法律科学研究中心自主项目(14MSFJD820004)

摘　　要：我国食品侵权责任中以固定倍数确定惩罚性赔偿金,虽易于法官办案,但缺少对个案具体情况的考查区分。在法律责任应与违法行为相适应且愈发讲求精确的今天,在食品价格低廉而食品侵权行为频发、损害严重且不可逆转的当下,奉行简单统一的固定倍数标准确定食品侵权惩罚性赔偿金,势必削弱该制度应有的功能,难以有效打击并遏制相关侵权行为。借鉴美国惩罚性赔偿制度的立法与实践,只有正确选择适用惩罚性赔偿规则,考查区分个案情况以权衡非固定倍数惩罚性赔偿所需考量的重要因素,对部分案件重点适用非固定倍数惩罚性赔偿,将经营者的重大过失行为纳入适用条件,惩罚性赔偿才可能在合法的基础上更为合理且具有针对性,其功能才可能得到最大程度的发挥。Determination of punitive damages for food infringement liability by fixed multiple in China, although it is easy for the judge to deal with cases, but the lacks of examination and distinction of specific cases. At present, the legal responsibility should be consistent with illegal activities and more emphasis on the accurate system, at the moment, low food prices and food infringement activities are frequent, serious and irreversible, if we pursue simple and unified standards for determination of food infringement for punitive damages by fixed multiple, it will weaken the function of the system, so as difficult to effectively combat and contain the related infringement activities. Through drawing lessons from legislation and practice of punitive damages system in the United States, only correct choice and application of punitive damages rules,examine and distinguish from the view of specific cases which have important factors of non-fixed multiple punitive damages, some cases can focus on the application of non-fixed multiple punitive damages, the operator＇s gross negligence behavior is included in the applicable conditions, the punitive damages could be more reasonable and targeted on the basis of legality, its function development could be maximized.

关 键 词：食品侵权 损害赔偿 惩罚性赔偿 固定倍数 重大过失 

分 类 号：D923.3[政治法律—民商法学]