2014-2016年南充市饮用水消毒效果相关因素分析  

Influencing Factors for Drinking Water Disinfection Effects in Nanchong From 2014 to 2016

作　　者：甘霖[1] 刘华平[1] 常椿滟 GAN Lin, LIU Huaping, CHANG Chunyan(Nanchong City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, Chin)

机构地区：[1]南充市疾病预防控制中心,四川南充637000

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2018年第4期530-533,共4页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的探讨饮用水消毒效果的影响因素并量化其影响大小,建立饮用水消毒效果预测模型,为控制饮用水微生物污染及防止介水传染病的发生和流行提供科学依据。方法对2014-2016年南充市饮用水水质卫生监测工作中经过消毒处理措施的3 486份水样进行消毒效果分析。不同组别消毒指标和微生物指标合格率比较采用χ2检验,组间两两比较采用卡方分割,消毒效果影响因素分析采用Logistic逐步回归分析法。结果监测水样的消毒方法包括二氧化氯2 095份(60.10%)、复合二氧化氯689份(19.76%)、漂白粉466份(13.37%)、液氯236份(6.77%)。消毒指标合格率:液氯>复合二氧化氯、二氧化氯>漂白粉,微生物指标合格率:液氯>漂白粉、二氧化氯>复合二氧化氯,氯化消毒(液氯和漂白粉)的微生物指标合格率(69.80%)高于二氧化氯消毒(二氧化氯和复合二氧化氯)的合格率(54.02%)。消毒指标、消毒方法、浑浊度、采样类型、供水类型、水样类型和采水期是影响饮用水消毒效果的7个主要因素。消毒指标不合格的微生物指标超标危险性是合格的10.36倍,二氧化氯消毒相对氯化消毒的微生物指标超标危险性是2.94倍,浑浊度不合格的水样是合格的2.12倍,农村水是城市的3.95倍,小型集中式供水是集中式供水的2.56倍,管网末梢水是出厂水的1.43倍,丰水期是枯水期的1.78倍。结论饮用水消毒效果受多种因素影响,供管水人员应提高对消毒处理环节的重视程度,加强消毒剂反应控制和实时监测,农村小型供水单位应配置与消毒方法相对应的消毒指标检测设备,尤其应加强丰水期的制水管水力度,保障消毒效果,降低微生物超标风险。Objective To explore the influencing factors for drinking water disinfection effects, quantify magnitude of impacts, establish drinking water disinfection effect prediction models and provide a scientific basis for controlling the microbial contamination of drinking water and preventing the occurrence and prevalence of waterborne infectious diseases. Methods Disinfection effect of 3 486 water samples after disinfection treatment in Nanehong City during the period from 2014 to 2016 were analyzed. Conformity rates of disinfection indicators and microbiological indicators in different groups were compared using X2 test. Paired group comparison was performed by partitions ofx2 method. The influencing factors for disinfection effects were analyzed by logistic stepwise regression. Results Monitored samples were disinfected using chlorine dioxide （ n = 2095, 60. 10% ） ,complex chlorine dioxide （n = 698, 19.76% ） , bleaching powder （ n = 466, 13.37% ） and liquid chlorine （ n = 236, 6. 77% ）. The conformity rate of disinfection indicators was the highest with liquid chlorine, followed by that with complex chlorine dioxide and chlorine dioxide,and the lowest with bleaching powder. The conformity rate of microbiological indicators was the highest with liquid chlorine, followed by that with bleaching powder and chlorine dioxide, and the lowest with complex chlorine dioxide. The conformity rate of microbiological indicators with chlorination disinfection （ liquid chlorine and bleaching powder） （69.80%） was higher than that with chlorine dioxide disinfection （ chlorine dioxide and chlorine dioxide） （54.02%）. Disinfection indicators, disinfection methods, turbidity, sampling type, water supply type, water sample type and water harvesting period were seven main factors influencing the disinfection effects of drinking water. The risk of microbiological indicator nonconformity with non - conforming disinfection indicators was 10. 36 times that with conforming disinfection indicators; the risk of mic

关 键 词：饮用水 消毒效果 相关因素 LOGISTIC回归 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]