台风对深港局地风影响数值模拟及地形敏感性试验  

Numerical Simulation of the Local Wind Influence Induced by Tropical Cyclones and Topographic Sensitivity Tests in Shenzhen-Hong Kong Region

作　　者：郑焘 李晴岚 王兴宝 肖爱国[2] ZHENG Tao1,2 ,LI Qinglan1 ,WANG Xingbao1, XIAO Aiguo2(1 Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055 ;2 Xiangtan University of Hunan Province, Xiangtan 41110)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院,深圳518055 [2]湖南省湘潭大学,湘潭411100

出　　处：《气象》2018年第3期361-371,共11页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：广东省科技发展专项资金(2016A050503035);广东省自然基金自由申请项目(2015A030313742);深圳市科技研发资金(JCYJ20150521144320984)共同资助

摘　　要：采用WRF中尺度模式和美国国家环境预报中心每6h一次的1°×1°全球再分析资料,分别对西北太平洋1208号台风韦森特及1415号台风海鸥个例进行了数值模拟,结果表明WRF模式可以较好地模拟台风中心移动的路径与强度变化,单点风速的时间变化表明模拟得到的近地风场与实际观测吻合。在模式结果与实际观测比较一致的基础上,开展了改变特定区域内的地形和陆面特征的敏感性试验,通过比较不同站点的观测和模拟风速的变化,探究台风影响下香港及深圳地区地形和下垫面性质的改变对深圳不同地区阵风变化的作用,发现对于登陆粤西或向西移动的台风,香港地形和陆地的阻挡和摩擦作用减弱了台风在深圳中西部地区引起的风速,香港对深圳中西部起到了一定的缓冲和保护作用,另外深圳地区的梧桐山地形所形成的峡口使得盐田港风力增大。Typhoons Vicente （1208） and Kalmaegi （1415） were successfully simulated by the mesoscale weather research and forecasting （WRF） model using the NCEP （National Centers for Environmental Prediction） final operational global analysis data with the resolution of 1°×1°. The results showed that the simulated track and intensity of the typhoons are in consistence with Japan Meteorological Agency （JMA） best track data. The simulated surface wind nearly coincides with the station observation. Sensitivity ex- periments were then carried out to test the impact of terrain and land surface characteristics in Hong Kong and Shenzhen on the wind in Shenzhen area. Based on the sensitivity tests, we found that the wind influence on the Midwest Shenzhen induced by typhoons landing in western Guangdong is weakened by the terrain of Hong Kong. Hong Kong plays a role of slowering winds and protecting the Midwest Shenzhen from typhoons moving westward. Furthermore, it is found that the wind intensity in Yantian international container terminal is enhanced by the channel effect of Wutong Mountain in Shenzhen.

关 键 词：WRF模式 热带气旋 数值模拟 地形敏感性 

分 类 号：P456[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]