论地质历史时期成矿作用的时控性  

On time-controlled metallogenesis in geological era

作　　者：杨晓勇[1] 张连昌[2] Yang Xiaoyong1 ,Zhang Lianchang2(1. School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026,China; 2. Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, CAS, Beijing, 100029, Chin)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学地球和空间科学学院,合肥230026 [2]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029

出　　处：《南京大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第2期259-277,共19页Journal of Nanjing University（Natural Science）

基　　金：国家重点研发计划‘深地资源勘查开采’重点专项(2016YFC0600408)

摘　　要：在地球45亿年的演化过程中,一些金属矿床类型及矿种分布于特定的地质时期,并在地球演化进程中不再重复出现,我们把这种在地球一定时期出现的特征矿床类型或矿种称之为成矿的时控性.如条带状铁建造型铁矿主要出现在中晚太古代-古元古代,而铅锌矿则主要形成于中元古代之后,大规模斑岩矿床主要出现在中生代-新生代等.但这种成矿作用的时代性,究竟是什么因素造成的,目前还没有一个科学的解释,或众说纷纭,仍然是地质科学上的未解之谜.我国前寒武纪大规模成矿事件与世界对比可知,其优势矿种主要集中在镁、磷、石墨、稀土等资源,缺少兰德式金、铀矿床、VMS型铅-锌矿床以及大型的BIF型富铁矿,这又是一个谜团.中国东部中生代大规模成矿作用还表现为成矿金属元素的分区分带,这些成矿元素、矿种分布的不均一性是值得深入探索的自然之谜.In the evolution of the earth during 4.5 Ga,some metal deposit types and mineral species were distributed in the specific geological periods,and never repeated in the evolutional process of the earth, the features of a certain period of time-controlled deposit types or characteristics of minerals have been named as time-controlled metallogenesis. Such as the banded iron formation（BIF）,they mainly occurred in the middle-late Archean to Paleoproterozoic, yet lead-zinc deposits dominantly formed after the Mesoproterozoic, large-scale porphyry deposits principally occurred in Mesozoic-Cenozoic. However, the reason caused tim-controlled metallogenesis remains debated. Compared with the ore deposits from whole world, the Precambrian large-scale metallogenic events in China do indicate that the dominant ore species are mainly composed of magnesium, phosphorus,graphite and REE resources, yet lack of the Rand-type gold and uranium deposits,the VMS-type Pb-Zn deposits and the rich iron deposits of BIF in China as a mystery. The eastern China has undergone a long and complex geological process,and the mineralization in this area is also pervades all geological periods. However, a number of lines of evidence have demonstrated that the most important metallogenic period in eastern China is in the Mesozoic era,especially in Yanshanian Period. Taking gold deposits as an example, the most important gold deposits in eastern China, such as fracture-altered rock type,quartz vein type, metamorphic hydrothermal type,volcano-subvolcanic hydrothermal type and disseminated type, are mainly formed in Mesozoic Era. The Yanshanian metallogenic explosion in eastern China is a long debated issue,the causal relationships between the explosion of large-scale mineralization of iron, copper and gold, still need more solid evidence to be supportted. The Mesozoic large-scale mineralization in eastern China is also represented by zoning and partitioning of metallogenic elements, the heterogeneity of these metallogenic elements and mineral speci

关 键 词：成矿的时控性 前寒武纪 中生代 大规模成矿作用 

分 类 号：P612[天文地球—矿床学]