基于改进蚁群算法的元胞自动机疏散模型研究  

Study on cellular automation evacuation model based on improved ant colony optimization algorithm

作　　者：王茹[1] 周磊 刘俊[1] WANG Ru, ZHOU Lei ,LIU Jun(School of Civil Engineering,Xi＇an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi＇an Shaanxi 710055, Chin)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学土木工程学院

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2018年第1期38-43,共6页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家自然基金面上项目资助(51278400)

摘　　要：为预防实际疏散过程中的人员伤亡,结合人员的疏散特性,建立基于改进蚁群算法（ACO）的元胞自动机（CA）疏散模型。该模型将行人标记为独立的元胞,对ACO算法的启发函数、信息素更新方式和禁忌规则进行修改来描述人员逆行、绕行、避障及从众等疏散行为。运用该模型对单出口房间场景下的人员疏散过程进行仿真,并将所得结果与商用软件pathfinder的结果对比。结果表明：该模型能够模拟出实际疏散过程中的＂拱形分布＂现象,所得疏散时间与商用软件pathfinder的结果相近;其相对pathfinder而言,可自动输出主要疏散路径。In order to prevent casualties during actual evacuation processes,a CA evacuation model was built based on improved ACO algorithm according to personal evacuation characteristics. The model regards the pedestrian as an individual cell,and modifies the heuristic function,pheromone update methods and tabu rule of ACO algorithm to realize the retrograde,detour,obstacle avoidance and herd behavior in the process of evacuation. An evacuation process from a single exit room was simulated by using the model. A comparison was made between the simulation result and that obtained by using the commercial software pathfinder. The results show that the model can simulate the ″arching″ phenomenon in the actual evacuation process,and the evacuation time obtained by this model is similar to that obtained by commercial software pathfinder,which proves that the model is effective in the evacuation process,and that compared to pathfinder,it can output main evacuation routes.

关 键 词：疏散模型 元胞自动机(CA) 蚁群算法(ACO) 拱形分布 主要疏散路径 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学]