1987年中印边界危机回顾与反思  

The 1987 Sino-India Border Crisis in Retrospect:Lessons and Reflections

作　　者：姬文波[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院当代中国研究所

出　　处：《南亚研究》2018年第1期68-91,共24页South Asian Studies

摘　　要：20世纪80年代初,随着印军在印中边境的军力增强,印度自认为已居于"强有力的优势"地位,重施尼赫鲁时期的"前进政策",先是派军队渗透到桑多洛河谷(旺东地区),随后又进入克节朗地区,并展开历史上最大规模的军事演习,对中国进行挑衅。拉吉夫·甘地政府受国内政治因素影响,有意加剧边境危机以转移国内矛盾,巩固政权。为遏制印军对中国领土的蚕食和渗透,中国军队展开针锋相对的军事斗争,西藏边防部队进入旺东和克节朗河谷北岸设点驻防。中国和印度发生了自1962年边界战争以来时间最长、规模最大的军事对峙。中印边界局势再次到了一触即发的程度。由于中印两国政治领袖的理性和克制,以及两国军事力量有效威慑和国际政治的制约,中印两国政府都没有选择以战争手段来解决边界纠纷。在中印双方的外交努力下,中印边界危机在1987年8月后逐步平息。此后较长时间,中印边界东段的局势保持了相对平稳。In the early 1980s,as Indian military power in the China-India border region increased,the Indian side became confident that it had gained a critical power advantage.It re-instated the"Forward Policy"of the Nehru Era,first deploying its military into positions deep within the Sumdorong Chu Region(Wangdong Region),and later entering the Kejielang region,where India carried out what was to be the largest scale military exercise in its history,provoking the Chinese side.Under domestic political pressure,the Rajiv Gandhi administration purposely escalated the crisis in the border region as a means of deflecting political issues,and consolidating his government’s hold on power.To prevent the Indian military from encroaching on or capturing Chinese territory,the Chinese army launched a targeted tactical military campaign,deploying the Tibetan Border Guard forces into Wangdong and the area around the northern bank of the Kejielang River(Namka Chu River),where they established a garrison.China and India went on to engage in their largest and longest military standoff since the 1962border war,and the situation on the China-India border slide towards the edge of the precipice.Fortunately,due to the restraint of the political leaders of the two countries,the effective deterrence demonstrated by their respective armies and attempts by international political actors to restrain the belligerent parties,the governments of China and India did not attempt resolution of the border dispute through military means.Diplomatic efforts by China and India gradually allowed the border crisis to be drawn to a close in August of 1987.In the relatively long period of time since this incident,the eastern part of the China-India border has remained calm.

关 键 词：中印边界 旺东事件 “874”演习 桑多洛河谷 克节朗 拉吉夫·甘地 

分 类 号：D829.351[政治法律—政治学]