国际法院对于民族自决权问题的咨询意见法理分析及实证研究  

The Legal Analysis and the Empirical Study on the ICJ's Advisory Opinion towards the Right of National Self-determination

作　　者：王淑敏[1] 何悦涵 Wang Shumin, He Yuehan

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学法学院,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《政治与法律》2018年第4期91-101,共11页Political Science and Law

基　　金：司法部研究课题"‘一带一路’战略下中国海外投资保险法律问题的实证研究"(课题编号:17SFB2047)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：依照《联合国宪章》和《国际法院规约》,国际法院拥有诉讼管辖权和咨询管辖权两大职权。通过回溯国际法院的咨询实践可知,民族自决权事宜作为最重要的法律问题之一,属于其咨询管辖权的范围已毋庸质疑。国际法院咨询意见因突破国家同意原则的羁绊而有别于诉讼管辖,与此同时,其软法地位对嗣后民族自决权争端解决产生的"准司法造法"效应亦值得关注。更令人深思的是,国际法院发布"科索沃独立案"咨询意见后,民族自决权问题背后折射出国家之间的主权争端,国际法院因其作为中立司法机构也易受强权政治干预而饱受诟病。这些质疑应为"查戈斯群岛案"咨询意见提供前车之鉴。"科索沃独立案"咨询意见有为恐怖组织"合法建国"提供某种国际法支持之虞,需要给予高度预警和防范。国际法院咨询意见对中国的影响亦不可小觑,为避免民族自决权与国家主权的直接冲突,中国需要秉持政治解决争端的立场,积极斡旋或调停当事方,敦促公正解决争议,同时,敦促国际法院厘清"法律问题"的外延,并主动参与咨询意见的制定。According to the United Nations Charter and the Statute of the International Court of Justice,the ICJ has the contentious jurisdiction and the advisory jurisdiction. It is found through looking back on theICJ advisory practices that there is no doubt that the right of national self-determination, as one of the mostimportant legal issues, is under the advisory jurisdiction of ICJ. The ICJ＇ s advisory jurisdiction differs fromthe contentious jurisdiction because of the formers incompliance with the principle of state consent. Mean-while, it is noteworthy that the nature of the soft law of the advisory opinion has brought the ＂quasi-judiciallaw-making＂ effect to the settlement of subsequent disputes over the right of national self-determination.More thought-provokingly, after the ICJ＇ s advisory opinion of the case of Kosovo＇ s independence was pub-lished, behind the right of the national self-determination there reflects the sovereignty dispute among na-tions and the ICJ, as a neutral judiciary, has been met with a lot of skepticism because it is likely to be in-terfered by the power politics. These queries shall provide some lessons for the ICJ＇ s advisory opinion of thecase of Chagos Archipelago. It is worried that the advisory opinion of the case of Kosovo＇ s independenceprovides some supports of international law for terrorist organizations to legally found a country, which callsfor high-degree caution and prevention. The ICJ advisory opinion imposes a great influence on China. Inorder to avoid the direct conflict between the right of national self-determination and national sovereignty,China needs to hold a position of settling disputes through political means, positively mediate parties in-volved to help solve disputes impartially, and urge the ICJ to clarify the denotation of legal issues and takean active part in formulating the advisory opinion.

关 键 词：国际法院咨询意见 民族自决权 科索沃独立案 查戈斯群岛案 

分 类 号：DF939[政治法律—国际法学]