2016年大庆市医院感染现患率调查分析  

Investigation and analysis of prevalence rate of nosocomial infections in Daqing in 2016

作　　者：江敏[1] 袁可欣 孙薇[1] 石永丽[1] 郭颖[1] 李姗[1] 李杨[1] JIANG Min, YUAN Ke-xin, SUN Wei, SHI Yong-li, GUO Ying, LI Shan, LI Yang(Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing , Heilongjiang 163000, Chin)

机构地区：[1]大庆油田总医院感染管理处,黑龙江大庆163000

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2018年第6期946-948,共3页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

摘　　要：目的调查大庆市医院感染现状、抗菌药物使用情况、病原菌检出和感染相关因素,为预防控制医院感染降低医院感染率提供依据。方法采用横断面调查方法,对全市各医院的感染专职人员进行相关培训、统一标准,对2016年5月18日0时-24时住院患者进行现患率调查,填写调查表并进行资料整理统计分析。结果共调查大庆市17家医院,应调查住院患者7327例,实际调查7274例,实查率为99.28%;发生医院感染140例,现患率为1.92%;社区感染1404例,现患率为19.30%;各级医院发生医院感染部位均以下呼吸道感染为主,三级医院感染部位前三位依次为下呼吸道、上呼吸道及泌尿道,分别占52.05%,19.18%,12.33%;标本送检率为61.22%;抗菌药物使用率为25.17%,其中治疗用药占76.08%,预防用药占7.10%,治疗加预防用药占16.82%。结论医院感染现患率调查真实反映了大庆市医院感染状况和发展趋势,应针对性加强医院感染重点科室监测,加大抗菌药物管理,有效降低医院感染率。OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence rate of nosocomial infections,use of antibiotics,isolation rates of pathogens and related factors for the infection in Daqing so as to control the nosocomial infections and reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection.METHODS By means of cross-sectional survey,the related,unified trainings were conducted for full-time infection control staff,the prevalence rate of nosocomial infections in the patients who were hospitalized from 0：00 to 24：00 on May 18,2016 was investigated,the questionnaires were filled out,and the statistical analysis was performed.RESULTS Totally 17 hospitals of Daqing were investigated,7327 hospitalized patients were supposed to be investigated,7274 of whom were actually investigated,with the actual investigation rate 99.28%.Totally 140 patients had nosocomial infections,with the prevalence rate 1.92%;totally 1404 patients had community-acquired infections,with the prevalence rate 19.30%.The patients with lower respiratory tract infections were dominant among the patients with nosocomial infections.Among the patients with infection in tertiary hospitals,the patients with lower respiratory tract infections accounted for 52.05%,the patients with upper respiratory tract infections 19.18%,the patients with urinary tract infections 12.33%.The submission rate of specimens was 61.22%,the utilization rate of antibiotics was 25.17%;the patients who were treated with antibiotics for therapy accounted for 76.08%,the patients who were treated with prophylactic antibiotics accounted for 7.10%,and the patients who were treated with therapeutic and prophylactic antibiotics accounted for 16.82%.CONCLUSIONThe survey of prevalence rate of nosocomial infections actually reflect the prevalence and development trends in Daqing.It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance of nosocomial infections in key departments and boost the management of antibiotics so as to effectively reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.

关 键 词：医院感染 现患率 调查分析 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]