河南省中小学生营养状况对体能素质的影响  

Influence of nutritional status on physical fitness among primary and middle school students in Henan Province

作　　者：王晓琳 娄晓民 许凤鸣 黄生垒 郭蔚蔚[2] 高根立 WANG Xiaolin, LOU Xiaomin, XU Fengming, HUANG Shenglei, GUO Weiwei, GAO Genli.(Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou（450001）, China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学公共卫生学院儿童少年卫生与妇幼保健学系,河南450001 [2]河南省教育厅体卫艺处

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2018年第3期350-353,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的了解河南省中小学生营养状况及其对儿童青少年体能素质的影响,为改善中小学生的营养状况及提升中小学生体能素质水平提供理论依据。方法采用2014年河南省中小学生体质健康调研数据(共43 650人),根据中国学龄儿童青少年体质量指数(BMI)超重肥胖筛查标准和学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查标准,将研究对象分为营养不良组、正常体重组和超重肥胖组,分别计算各项体能指标的Z值,将每人6项指标的Z值相加得出体能指数(PFI)。结果共检出营养不良2 621(6.0%)人,超重肥胖8 549(19.6%)人,男生营养不良和超重肥胖的检出率均高于女生(χ~2值分别为136.246,308.444,P值均<0.05)。不同年龄组男、女生肺活量和握力测量结果均为超重肥胖组>正常体重组>营养不良组(P值均<0.05);男生50 m跑、立定跳远、耐力跑、坐位体前屈测量结果均为正常体重组优于超重肥胖和营养不良组,女生则为超重肥胖组低于其余2组;体能指数均为正常体重组最高。剔除年龄因素影响后,男、女生营养状况和各项体能指标及PFI均呈负相关(P值均<0.01)。结论河南省中小学生营养不良和超重肥胖同时存在,营养不良和超重肥胖均会导致体能素质下降。Objective To understand the nutritional status among primary and middle school students in Henan Province,and to analyze the influence of nutritional status on physical fitness. Methods Based on data from National School Student Physical Fitness and Health Survey in 2014, all the students from Henan Province were classified into three groups according to body mass index（ BMI） percentile criteria for school-age students of Working Group on Obesity in China（ WGOC） and malnutritional criteria for Chinese school-age children. Six physical fitness indices were calculated and converted into Z-score, respectively. The sum of the six indices were calculated as Physical Fitness Index（ PFI）. Results There were 2 621（ 6. 0%） students in malnutrition and8 549（ 19.6%） in overweight and obese. Malnutrition, overweight and obese prevalence was significantly higher in boys（ P 〈0.05）.Overweight and obese children had better lung capacity and grip strength in each age group than normal BMI and malnutrition group.In boys, performance of 50 m run, standing long jump, 800 and 1 600 m run and sit and reach was highest in normal BMI group,followed with overweight and malnutrition group, while in girls overweight and obese group was lowest than the other two groups. PFI was better in normal weight group. After controlling for age, nutritional status showed a negative correlation with physical fitness index. Conclusion Comorbidity of malnutrition with overweight and obese is becoming a major health concern among students in Henan Province, which could exert adverse effects on physical fitness.

关 键 词：营养状况 身体素质 人体质量指数 学生 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学] R153.2[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]