结合影子障碍物和ORCA模型的人群仿真方法  

Crowd behavior simulation based on shadow obstacle and ORCA models

作　　者：何高奇[1,2] 江东旭 金祎[1] 陈琪[1] 卢兴见 徐明亮[4] Gaoqi HE1,2,Dongxu JIANG1,Yi JIN1,Qi CHEN1,Xingjian LU1,3,Mingliang XU4(1. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; 3. Smart City Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; 4. School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Chin)

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学计算机科学与工程系,上海200237 [2]华东师范大学地理信息科学教育部重点实验室,上海200241 [3]上海交通大学智慧城市协同创新中心,上海200240 [4]郑州大学信息工程学院,郑州450000

出　　处：《中国科学：信息科学》2018年第3期233-247,共15页Scientia Sinica(Informationis)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:61602175;61472370;61672469);地理信息科学教育部重点实验室基金(批准号:KLGIS2015A05);上海市软件和集成电路产业发展专项资金(批准号:150809);国家重点研究计划(批准号:2017YFC0804401);北京航空航天大学虚拟现实技术与系统国家重点实验室开放课题(批准号:BUAA-VR-16KF-07)资助项目

摘　　要：人群仿真已经成为疏散演练、安全监控等重要应用领域的关键支撑技术,但是复杂的个体心理、个性特征,以及个体间的相互影响对人群仿真的真实感提出了挑战.本文从用户的安全心理特征和运动速度特征出发,研究个体在拐角处的运动轨迹和避碰行为的真实感.首先,将影子障碍物模型分别转化为ORCA(optimal reciprocal collision avoidance)半平面和期望速度,分别提出了两种影子障碍物和ORCA模型的结合方法.然后,通过提出影子障碍物的手动生成方法,处理任意角度的拐角以及一些非封闭墙面的情况.基于上述方法,融合行为模拟和物理模拟技术,提出基于速度的人群仿真框架,并对复杂场景以及大规模人群进行实验分析.最后,将上述方法应用在地铁站环境的复杂场景,并采用Unity3D引擎进行真实感渲染,在仿真效果和计算效率两方面与现有的社会力模型进行比较.实验结果表明,本文提出的结合影子障碍物和ORCA模型的人群仿真方法计算效率高、真实感强,具有较好的应用前景.Crowd behavior simulation has become one of the key support technologies for evacuation drills and safety monitoring.However,complex psychology,personality traits and interactions among individuals increase the challenges of creating realistic crowd behavioral simulations.In this paper,we propose a crowd behavior simulation method to simulate crowd behaviors by combining the shadow obstacle model（SOM） and optimal reciprocal collision avoidance（ORCA） model.First,the SOM is converted to the expected speed,as well as the half plane of ORCA.Then,a manual generation method of SOM is proposed to simulate the crowd behaviors in corners or beside a non-closed wall.Finally,we combine behavior simulation and physical simulation techniques,and propose a velocity-based crowd simulation framework.To test the effectiveness of our proposed method,several simulation methods are implemented in a Unity3 D engine-based crowd simulation in subway station environment,and the comparison results demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms force-based simulation methods.

关 键 词：人群仿真 影子障碍物模型 ORCA模型 UNITY3D 真实感渲染 

分 类 号：TP391.9[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]