基于高山梯度试验的粳稻开花期低温对结实的影响  

Effects of low temperature in Japonica rice flowering stage on seed setting based on a mountain temperature gradient

作　　者：马树庆[1] 全虎杰 邓奎才 刘晓航 袭祝香[1] 佟丽媛 柴庆荣 杨军 杨茹 潘长虹 金龙范 杨环宇 MA Shu-qing1 , QUAN Hu-jie2, DENG Kui-cai2, LIU Xiao- hang2, XI Zhu-xiang1, TONG Li-yuan2, CHAI Qing-rong2, YANG Jun4, YANG Ru4, PAN Chang-hong4, JIN Long-fan2, YANG Huan-yu4(1Meteorological Observatory of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062, China; 2 Yanbian Agrometeorological Experiment Station of Jilin Province, Yanji 133001, Jilin , China ; 3 Liaoyuan Meteorological Bureau, Liaoyuan 136200, Jilin , China ; 4 Changbai Mountain Meteorological Bureau, Pool North 138000, Jilin, China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省气象台,长春130062 [2]吉林省延边农业气象试验站,吉林延吉133001 [3]辽源市气象局,吉林辽源136200 [4]长白山气象局,吉林池北区138000

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2018年第4期1043-1050,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201306036)资助

摘　　要：利用气温随海拔递减特征,在长白山北坡开展水稻开花期低温处理试验,以揭示粳稻结实对开花期低温的反应。试验设7个海拔(温度)和3个持续时间处理,分3个开花时段。结果表明:粳稻结实对开花期低温反应敏感,气温越低、低温时间越长,水稻空秕率越高;水稻空秕率与开花期2 d短期低温的关系为线性函数,但温度影响系数很小;与3 d以上低温的关系为对数函数,温度影响系数较大;不同开花时段低温对结实影响差异明显,盛花期影响最大,其次为中花期和初花期,盛花期低温影响系数是初花期的3倍左右;开花期平均而言,低温处理2、3、4 d,其间日平均气温每降低1℃,水稻空秕率分别上升0.4、1.5和3.1个百分点;昼间平均气温每降低1℃,空秕率分别上升0.4、1.9和3.5个百分点;空秕率与昼间温度、最高气温的关系比与夜间温度、最低气温的关系更密切;低温持续时间和低温强度对空秕率的组合影响符合二元一次方程,低温时间每延长1 d,空秕率约上升4.5个百分点;气温降低1℃,空秕率约上升1.7个百分点;东北地区粳稻开花期短期低温(≤2d)仅可导致轻度冷害,3 d以上低温可引发中度或重度冷害;用昼间气温和最高气温作为花期冷害指标比传统的日均气温和最低气温更适宜。Given the fact that air temperature decreases with altitude, a lowtemperature experiment was conducted on the north slope of Changbai Mountain to understand the responses of rice seed setting to low temperature in flowering stage. The experimental setup included seven altitudes （temperature）, three durations, and three flowering periods. The results showed that seed setting was sensitive to low temperature in flowering stage. The empty abortion rate was higherunder conditions of lower temperature and longer duration. The relationship between rice emptyabortion rate and 2-day average temperature followed linear function, but the influence coefficient of temperature was small. The relationship between empty abortion rate and ≥3 days average temperature followed logarithmic function, and the influence coefficient was greater. There were significant differences for the influence of low temperature among different flowering periods, with the biggest influence presenting in the fullflowering period, followed by the middle and earlyflowering periods. The influence coefficient of temperature in fullflowering period was three times as large as that in the earlyflowering period. On average, under the two, three, and four days lowtemperature treatments, the empty abortion rate increased by 0.4, 1.5 and 3.1 percentage points, respectively, with 1 ℃ decrease of daily temperature. The empty abortion rate increased by 0.4, 1.9 and 3.5 percentage points, respectively, with 1 ℃ decrease of daytime temperature. The relationships between the empty abortion rate and daytime temperature or the highest temperature were significantly stronger than that between the empty abortion rate and night temperature or the lowest temperature. The combined effect of the lowtemperature duration and the strength of lowtemperature on the empty abortion rate followed a binary linear equation. For example, the empty abortion rate raised 4.5 percentage points with the extended one day of the duration and raised 1.

关 键 词：粳稻 开花期 空秕率 相关模式 冷害指标 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]