电焊作业对人体健康的影响及相关因素的分析  

Impact of welding on human's health and its relevant factors

作　　者：窦建瑞 金武 蔡翔 程金霞 鄂蒙 丁帮梅[2] 谢丽庄[2] 周敏林[3] DOU Jian -rui, JIN Wu, CAI Xiang, CHENG Jin -xia, E Meng, DING Bang -mei, XIE Li -zhuang, ZHOU Min -lin(Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou ,Jiangsu 225001, Chin)

机构地区：[1]扬州市疾病预防控制中心,江苏扬州225001 [2]江苏省疾病预防控制中心,江苏南京210009 [3]南京军区南京总医院,江苏南京210018

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2018年第7期1189-1193,1202,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：社会发展科技攻关项目(编号：YZ2011103)

摘　　要：目的通过电焊工尘肺哨点监测,探讨电焊作业对人体健康的影响及相关因素的分析。方法根据《重点职业病监测技术方案》共纳入研究对象845人,同时选择非职业危害因素接触史310人作为对照组,依据统一调查问卷进行调查和相关的健康检查,并对结果进行比较和回归分析。结果接触组的高血压患病率、血红蛋白异常率、尿蛋白阳性率和心电图异常率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);接触组和对照组两组肺部检查异常率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素条件Logistic回归分析显示,女性(OR=1.89,95%CI:1.16~3.08)、年龄(30~岁)(OR=1.48,95%CI:0.86~2.56)、年龄≥40岁(OR=3.65,95%CI:2.05~6.48)和不经常佩戴防护用品(OR=2.31,95%CI:1.36~3.90)为危险因素,工龄(5~年)(OR=0.52,95%CI:0.33~0.84)、工龄≥10年(OR=0.34,95%CI:0.17~0.65)为保护因素。结论电焊作业易导致作业人群心血管的损伤;女性职工随着年龄增长更易对肺部造成损害;经常佩戴防护用品是预防电焊工尘肺发生的关键。Objective To explore the impact of welding work on human health and its relevant factors by the welders＇ pneumoconiosis sentinel surveillance. Methods 845 people were enrolled in the experimental group according to the ＂ Key Occupational Disease Surveillance Technology Program＂ , and 310 enterprises without occupational hazards were enrolled in the control group. They have conducted surveys and related health checks based on a unified questionnaire. The results were compared and conducted regression analysis. Results The prevalence of hypertension, abnormal hemoglobin, positive urinary protein and abnormal electrocardiogram was higher in the exposed group than in the control group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The rates of abnormal lung examination were significantly different between exposed group and control group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female （OR = 1.89,95% CI：I. 16 -3.08） ,age （30 - ） （ OR = 1.48,95% CI：O. 86 2.56）, age t〉40 （ OR = 3.65,95 % CI：2.05 - 6.48 ） and not wearing protective equipment （ OR = 2.31,95 % CI： 1.36- 3.90） were risk factors. The length of service （5 - ） （ OR =0.52,95% C1：0.33-0.84）, （ ≥10 years） （ OR =0.34,95% CI：O. 17 O. 65 ） were protective factors. Conclusion Welding operations can easily lead to cardiovascular damage in the working population, and female workers are more likely to cause damage to the lungs as they grow older. Regular wear of protective equipment is the key to prevent welders from oneumoconiosis.

关 键 词：电焊烟尘 健康监护 回归 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]