旱地覆膜露头栽培对土壤水热及黄芪产量的影响  

Effects of Plastic Film Mulching Cultivation with Ridge and Furrow System on Soil Water,Temperature and Yield of Astragali Radix in Dry Land

作　　者：代立兰 王嵛德 赵亚兰 徐琼 牛元 王平 祁正梅 DAI Li-lan1,WANG Yu-de1 ,ZHAO Ya-lan1 ,XU Qiong1 ,NIU Yuan1 ,WANG Ping1 ,QI Zheng-mei2(1. Lanzhou Agro-technical Research and Popularization Center, Lanzhou 730070, China; 2. Gansu Runfengyuan Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Ecological Technology Co. , Ltd. , Lanzhou 730000, Chin)

机构地区：[1]兰州市农业科技研究推广中心,甘肃兰州730000 [2]甘肃润枫源农牧生态科技有限公司,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中药材》2017年第9期1997-2001,共5页Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31201841);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(20120304204);甘肃省农业科技创新项目(GNCX-2013-58);兰州市科技计划项目(2011-1-167)

摘　　要：目的:研究黄芪的集雨栽培模式,以期改善土壤水热,进而提高黄芪产量。方法:2016年在甘肃省兰州市永登县民乐乡柏杨村开展试验,研究不同覆膜栽培方式对旱地土壤水分、土壤温度和黄芪产量的影响。试验设垄沟白色半膜露头栽培(A1)、平作白色半膜露头栽培(A2)、垄沟黑色半膜露头栽培(A3)、平作黑色半膜露头栽培(A4)及露地平作栽培(CK)5个处理,采用随机区组排列,3次重复。采用DS1922C温度自动记录仪测定20 cm土层土壤温度,烘干法测0~60 cm土层土壤含水量。结果:与CK相比,覆膜处理(A1、A2、A3及A4)均能显著提高黄芪的出苗时间与出苗率,且白膜覆盖(A1、A2)土壤平均昼、夜温均高于黑膜覆盖(A3、A4)。各生育期垄沟集雨栽培(A1、A3)较平作栽培(A2、A4及CK)均能提高土壤含水量,覆膜处理(A1、A2、A3及A4)较露地平作处理(CK)土壤含水量高,以A3处理土壤含水量最高。A1处理黄芪产量较CK提高107.86%,增产幅度依次为A1>A2>A3>A4>CK,A1处理能富集降雨,增加土壤温度,增产作用显著。结论:垄沟白色半膜露头栽培能够起到集雨增温保墒的作用,提高黄芪的出苗率和根部的生长,显著提高其产量,可作为旱地山区黄芪生产的高效栽培新模式。Objective： To investigate an optimal cultivation method for exploring rainfall-collection,to improve the soil moisturethermal condition,and to increase the high-yield cultivation technique of Astragali Radix. Methods： The experiment was implemented in Boyang Village,Minle Township of Yongdeng County of Lanzhou in 2016,the effects of different film mulching cultivation methods on soil moisture,soil temperature and yield of Astragali Radix in dryland were studied. Field experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design with five treatments：（ 1） sowing on beds with half plastic transparent polyethylene film mulching（ A1）;（ 2） sowing on flat with half plastic transparent polyethylene film mulching（ A2）;（ 3） sowing on beds with half plastic black polyethylene film mulching（ A3）;（ 4） sowing on flat with half plastic black polyethylene film mulching（ A4）;（ 5） sowing on flat plot without mulching（ CK）. Soil temperature at 20 cm depth for each plot was recorded every hour using an automatic temperature recorder DS1922 C,the moisture content of 0 - 60 cm soil layer was measured by dry method. Results： The film mulching treatments（ A1 - 4） significantly increased germination time and germination rate compared with CK. Transparent polyethylene film mulching（ A1 and A2） treatments increased soil average temperature on day and night compared with black polyethylene film mulching（ A3 and A4）. Sowing on bed（ A1 and A3） treatments significantly increased soil water storage amount compared with sowing on flat（ CK,A2 and A4） treatments in each growing season. Film mulching treatments（ A1,A2,A3 and A4） showed higher soil moisture content than sowing on flat plot without mulching（ CK）,and the soil water storage amount with A3 treament treatment was highest. The yield in A1 treatment was increased by107. 86%,compared with those of CK,the sequence of yield increase was A1〉A2〉A3〉A4〉CK. The function of rainwater collection,temperature and y

关 键 词：干旱山区 黄芪 覆膜 产量 

分 类 号：R282.2[医药卫生—中药学]