电子合同订立新规则的评析与构建  

Evaluation and Construction of the Conclusion Rules of the E-contracts

作　　者：王洪亮[1] Wang Hongliang

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《法学杂志》2018年第4期32-42,共11页Law Science Magazine

基　　金：清华大学自主科研计划文科专项"国际法与国内法视野下电子商务法律问题研究"(项目编号:2017THZWYY0)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：民法典编纂框架下,电子合同规则的创设是立法的重中之重。首先,对电子意思表示的到达规则进行评析,相对人指定系统情况下,应采取到达相对人支配范围并为其可能知道的双重标准,在没有指定系统情况下,应区分一般用户还是经营者,只有是在经营者情况下,才可以认为,相对人知道或者应当知道该数据电文进入其系统时生效。其次,从制度适用范围、规范目的、制度正当性等多个角度批判了权利能力推定制度以及行为能力推定制度。再次,目前民法典合同编创设的电子合同以支付价款为合同成立要件的规则是错误的,在电子合同订立中,具体根据当事人的意思解释确定要约与承诺,无须增加要件,在利益衡量上,明确规定用户具有先行付款义务,并不合理。最后,肯定了《电子商务法草案》增加的经营者信息提供以及技术准备义务,进一步建议增加纠错机制规则。In the framework of civil code codification,the establishment of rules for e-contracts is of great significance. This thesis firstly offers comments on the arrive rules of electronic declaration of will. Under circumstance that the counterparty appoints the system,the dual criterion of arriving at the domination area of the counterparty and he maybe knows should be adopted. Under circumstance that the counterparty doesn＇t appoint the system,ordinary user and enterpriser should be differentiated,only in case of enterpriser,the declaration of will comes into effect when the counterparty knows or should know the data message enters into the system. Secondly,from the perspectives of institution application,norm aims and institution legitimacy,this thesis criticizes the presumption rules of legal capacity and capacity of act. Furthermore,the viewpoint that in the current civil code codification the payment should be treated as essentials of establishment of e-contracts is wrong. In e-transactions offer and acceptance should be confirmed on the grounds of parties＇ specific declaration of wills,no more precondition is demanded. In the perspective of interest measurement,it＇s unreasonable to request the user to pay first. Finally,this thesis affirms the duty of information provide and the duty of technique preparation which are newly added in Protocol of E-commence Act,and then suggests that error correcting mechanism should be added as well.

关 键 词：电子合同 电子意思表示到达 电子合同成立 信息提供义务 技术准备义务 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]