硝化污泥富集及其强化高氨氮冲击的中试研究  

Pilot-scale Experiment on Enrichment of Nitrifying Activated Sludge and Its Application in Enhancing a Wastewater Biological Treatment System Against Ammonia Shocking Loads

作　　者：盛晓琳 崔灿灿 王家德 刘锐 徐峰 陈吕军 SHENG Xiao-lin1, CUI Can-can1,2 , WANG Jia-de2 , LIU Rui1 , XU Feng4, CHEN Lü-jun1,3.(1. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Science and Technology, Department of Environment in Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314006, China; 2. College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; 3. School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; 4. Jiaxing Lvye Environmental Engineering Co. , Ltd. , Jiaxing 314006, Chin)

机构地区：[1]浙江清华长三角研究院生态环境研究所浙江省水质科学与技术重点实验室,嘉兴314006 [2]浙江工业大学环境学院,杭州310014 [3]嘉兴绿野环境工程有限责任公司,嘉兴314006 [4]清华大学环境学院,北京100084

出　　处：《环境科学》2018年第4期1697-1703,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家水污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2014ZX07305001-04);嘉兴市科技计划项目(2015AY23003);浙江省公益研究项目(2016C33046);浙江清华长三角研究院青年基金项目

摘　　要：采用膜生物反应器(MBR)为富集装置,以预处理后的城市污水外加硫酸铵为培养基质,研究了温度、溶解氧、氨氮容积负荷、游离氨(FA)和游离亚硝酸(FNA)等因子对硝化污泥富集的影响并核算富集成本,同时考察了该硝化污泥用于强化废水生物系统抗氨氮冲击能力的效果.结果表明,MBR中富集培养182 d后,污泥的硝化活性达到98.41 mg·(L·h)^(-1),比启动时提高约30倍,硝化菌产量为14.96 mg·(L·d)^(-1),富集1 kg硝化污泥成本为3.52元.温度是影响硝化污泥活性的主要因素,低于15.0℃时污泥的硝化活性降至最高值的三分之一,降低氨氮容积负荷在一定程度上可以减轻低温的影响.此外,溶解氧不足时,亚硝氮积累减缓了硝化菌富集速度.把上述富集的硝化污泥应用于受高氨氮负荷冲击的生物处理中试系统中,投加2%硝化污泥后,系统对氨氮的去除率由29.4%提高至88.4%;此后该系统在水温降至(13.3±1.6)℃时,氨氮去除率也能高达99.0%.上述中试结果显示了硝化污泥富集后用于生物强化废水生物处理系统、提高其硝化功能启动与恢复速度的可能性.Nitrifying activated sludge（ NAS） was enriched in a membrane bioreactor（ MBR） with pre-treated municipal wastewater and additional ammonium sulfate as the culture medium. The influences of temperature,dissolved oxygen（ DO）,ammonia nitrogen volumetric load,free ammonia（ FA）,and free nitrite（ FNA） on the enrichment of NAS were investigated,the cost of the process was evaluated,and then NAS＇s application in enhancing a wastewater biological treatment system against ammonia shocking loads was attempted. The results showed that after 182 days of cultivation in an MBR,NAS had a nitrification activity of 98. 41 mg·（ L·h）^-1,which was 30-times higher than that of the seeding sludge. The yield of NAS was 14. 96 mg·（ L·d）^-1,costing 3. 52 Yuan for 1 kg.Temperature was found to be a key factor affecting the sludge nitrification activity. The sludge nitrification activity was decreased to 1/3 of the maximum value at temperatures below 15. 0℃,while lowering the ammonium volumetric load retarded the decrease in the sludge nitrification activity to some extent. In addition,dissolved oxygen deficiency resulted in nitrite accumulation,and thereby slowed down the NAS enrichment rate. The enriched NAS was then applied to a wastewater biological treatment pilot equipment,which had just been exposed to an ammonium shocking load. The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen in the biological system increased from 29. 4%to 88. 4% after 2. 0% of NAS was inoculated. The enhanced biological system retained ammonia removal rates of as high as 99. 0%,even as the temperature dropped to 13. 3℃ ± 1. 6℃ afterwards. The above pilot-experiment results suggested that enriched nitrifying sludge is suitable for quickly increasing the start-up or recovery rates of the nitrifying function in a biological system.

关 键 词：城市污水 膜生物反应器 硝化污泥富集 硝化强化 氨氮冲击 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]