葡萄、桃和可可基因组的进化分析  

Evolution Analysis of Vitis vinifera, Prunus persica and Theobroma cacao Genomes

作　　者：崔晓波 孙梦琦 赵康路 闫立仁 张岚 Cui Xiaobo ,Sun Mengqi, Zhao Kanglu, Yan Liren, Zhang Lan(Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 06320)

机构地区：[1]华北理工大学生命科学学院基因组学与计算生物学研究中心

出　　处：《基因组学与应用生物学》2018年第3期1248-1256,共9页Genomics and Applied Biology

基　　金：华北理工大学青年科学研究基金(Z201528);华北理工大学创新性实验计划项目(X2016261)共同资助

摘　　要：本研究以葡萄、桃和可可为研究对象，基于比较基因组学，利用基因同源共线性方法对基因组内的结构和基因组间同源信息进行比对分析，确定了物种基因组内和基因组间的同源片段。通过统计3个物种基因组间的同源共线基因的保留情况发现，葡萄基因组的保留情况最好，桃次之（为73．4％），可可最差（为68．9％），其丢失均可能是由于双子叶植物共有的三倍化导致基因组稳定性遭到破坏。另外，共线基因间的同义核苷酸替换率的频数分布证实，葡萄、桃和可可仅经历过一次古老的全基因组三倍化，并未经历最近的全基因组加倍，且可可基因组进化最快，葡萄基因组进化最保守；3个物种的分歧时间分别为：葡萄（～110Mya）、可可（～90Mya）、桃（～80Mya）。本研究将为3个物种及双子叶植物基因组的结构、功能和进化等研究提供重要的理论依据。In this study, Vitis vinifera, Prunus persica and Theobroma cacao were selected as the research objects. Based on the comparative genomics, the genomic structure and gene homology information were comparatively analyzed by homologous genes collinearity method to determine homologous fragments within and between selected genomes. The statistics of the retention of homologous collinear genes among three species genomes showed that Vitis vinifera genes retained the best, followed by Prunus persica better （about 73.4%） and Theobroma cacao came last （about 68.9%）, all of which could be due to common triploidization of dicotyledons leading to the destruction ofgenomic stability. In addition, the frequency distribution of synonymous nucleotide substitution rates between collinear homologous genes indicated that Vitis vinifera, Prunus persica and Theobroma cacao genomes had only experienced an ancient whole-genome triploidization without other whole-genome polyploidization recently. It was found that Theobroma cacao genome evolved most fasfly and Vitis vinifera evolved most conservatively. The differentiation time of three species were also estimated that Vitis vinifera（-110 Mya）, The- obroma cacao （-90 Mya） and Pcunus persica （-80 Mya）. This study would provide important theoretical basis for researches on genomic structure, function and evolution of three species and dicotyledons..

关 键 词：葡萄 桃 可可 全基因组加倍 基因组稳定性 

分 类 号：S571.3[农业科学—作物学] S662.1S663.1