焦化分馏塔下部塔段的问题探究与操作优化  

Problems and Operation Optimization of Lower Section of Coker Fractionator

作　　者：王佳康 陈涛 许步建 刘缓 Wang Jiakang1,Chen Tao2,Xu Bujian2,Liu Huan2(1.SINOPEC Jinan Company,Jinan $handong 250101 ;2.CPECC East-China Design Company,Qingdao Shandong 26607)

机构地区：[1]中国石化济南分公司,山东济南250101 [2]中国石油工程建设公司华东设计分公司,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《中外能源》2018年第3期60-64,共5页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：分馏塔是延迟焦化装置的关键设备之一,具有分馏和换热两个作用。在装置长周期运行过程中,分馏塔下部塔段的结焦现象不可避免,但结焦将影响塔盘的分离效果和装置的处理能力,甚至导致装置停工,严重制约长周期运行。基于延迟焦化装置分馏塔实际运行情况和设备检修中发现的问题,从分馏塔底、洗涤段和蜡油集油箱下7层塔盘三部分入手,对分馏塔下部塔段结焦原因和生产运行中的异常状况进行分析,得出通过调节塔底循环上下返塔分支流量、保持塔底液位45%-60%、维持蜡油下回流流量（〉20t/h）等优化操作措施,可以降低分馏塔下部塔段结焦概率。提出增加底循环和辐射泵抽出备用过滤器、增加塔底循环上下返塔分支流量调节阀控制、增加洗涤段温度检测点等技改优化建议,为装置安全平稳长周期运行提供保障。As one of the critical equipment of delayed coking unit,fractionator has two functions,i.e.fractionation and heat exchange.During the long-term operation of the unit,coking in the lower section of fractionator is unavoidable,but coking will affect the separation effect of trays and the processing capacity of unit and even lead to unit shutdown,thus seriously restricting the long-term operation of the unit.Based on the actual operation of main fractionator in delayed coking unit and the problems found during equipment over-haul,the reasons for coking in the lower section of main fractionator and the abnormal situations in produc-tion are analyzed from the aspects of main fractionator bottom,washing section and the seven trays below gas oil collection tank.It is concluded that the coking probability in the lower section of main fractionator can be reduced by adjusting the upper and lower reflux flow of bottom circulation,maintaining the bottom liquid level between 45 % and 60 % and maintaining the gas oil lower reflux flow（ 20 t/h）. Some optimization recom mendations are proposed including installing spare bottom circulation and radiation pump outlet filters,strengthening the flow control of upper and lower reflux of bottom circulation and adding temperature detection points in the washing section,which can provide reliable guarantee for the safe,stable and long-term operation of the unit.

关 键 词：延迟焦化 分馏塔 结焦 操作优化 

分 类 号：TE962[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]