不同天气水稻光合日变化对大气CO2浓度和温度升高的响应--FACE研究  

Response of diurnal variation in photosynthesis to elevated atmospheric CO_2 concentration and temperature of rice between cloudy and sunny days:a free air CO_2 enrichment study

作　　者：袁嫚嫚[1,2,3] 朱建国 刘钢[1] 王伟露[1,3] YUAN Manman1,2,3, ZHU Jianguo 1 ,LIU Gang1 , WANG Weilu1,3(1 State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China ;2 Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling, Resources and Environment of Anhui, Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; 3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Belting 100049, Chin)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所、土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,南京210008 [2]安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所、安徽省养分循环与资源环境省级实验室,合肥230031 [3]中国科学院大学、北京100049

出　　处：《生态学报》2018年第6期1897-1907,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：基金委国际(地区)合作与交流项目(31261140364); 科技部国际合作与交流项目(2010DFA22770)

摘　　要：人类活动导致大气二氧化碳浓度(CO_2)升高、全球气候变暖和光合有效辐射(PAR)降低,影响着绿色作物的光合作用。为了明确高CO_2浓度、高温和低PAR对水稻光合日变化特征的影响,利用中国稻田开放空气CO_2浓度升高系统(free air CO_2enrichment,FACE),以常规粳稻南粳9108为试验材料,设置了环境CO_2和高CO_2浓度(增200μmol/mol)、环境温度和增高温度(增1—2℃)交互的4个处理,从9:00到17:00每隔1h测定了阴天和晴天水稻的光合作用,研究了不同天气对水稻光合日变化对大气CO_2浓度和温度升高的响应。观察到不同天气条件下水稻光合日变化的不同特征,晴天Pn为双峰曲线,发生了光合"午休",阴天未发生。结果表明,高CO_2浓度显著提高了水稻Pn,温度升高有降低水稻Pn趋势,CO_2浓度增加200μmol/mol对水稻光合作用的促进效应远大于增温1—2℃对其的抑制效应。高CO_2浓度显著增加了水稻胞间CO_2浓度(Ci),降低了水稻蒸腾速率(Tr),平均降幅为10.8%—22.0%。高温有降低Ci的趋势,增加了Tr,平均增幅达5.0%—13.5%。晴天比阴天增加了水稻Tr,平均增幅为9.8%—31.2%。CO_2浓度和温度同时升高显著降低了水稻气孔导度(Gs)。这些结果说明CO_2浓度、温度和PAR对水稻水分利用率(WUE)产生综合影响。阴天PAR比晴天平均低53.3%,阴天水稻Pn比晴天显著低,平均降幅达37.1%—72.0%。与对照比较,高CO_2浓度处理,较高PAR(晴天)条件下水稻Pn的增幅(38.6%—58.4%)显著大于较低PAR(阴天)条件下水稻Pn的增幅(21.6%—38.8%),这一现象值得关注和深入探讨。研究结果表明,评估气候变化对水稻生产的影响,需同时考虑未来大气CO_2浓度和温度升高以及PAR下降的因素及其相互作用。To understand the effect of elevated CO2 concentration,temperature,and different weather of photosynthetically active radiation（ PAR） on diurnal variation photosynthetic characteristics of rice,a paddy field experiment utilizing free air CO2 enrichment（ FACE） technology was conducted at two concentration levels of CO2（ambient and elevated 200μmol/mol）and two temperature regimes（ ambient and elevated 1—2℃） between cloudy and sunny days,using the widely cultivated inbred Japonica rice（ Oryza sativa L.） Nanjing 9108 as the test material. Diurnal variation in the photosynthetic characteristics of rice were measured every hour from 9：00 to 17：00 in the two kinds of weather. The diurnal variations in net photosynthetic rate（ Pn） under each treatment followed a single-peak curve during cloudy days without a midday depression in photosynthesis,and a double-peak curve during sunny days with a midday depression. The results showed that elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations significantly increased rice Pn. However,elevated temperature tended to reduce Pn. Therefore, elevating atmospheric CO2 concentration by 200μmol/mol had a greater effect on the photosynthetic characteristics of rice than elevating temperature by 1—2℃. Elevated CO2 concentration improved rice intercellular CO2 concentration（ Ci） and inhibited transpiration rate（ Tr） by an average 10. 8%—22. 0%. Elevated temperature nonsignificantly decreased Ci and increased Tr by an average 5. 0%—13. 5%. Rice Tr on sunny days was larger than on cloudy days,by an average of 9.8%—31.2%. Rice stomatal conductance（ Gs） decreased significantly under elevated CO2 concentrations and temperature. This indicated that CO2 concentration,temperature,and PAR had a comprehensive effect on rice water use efficiency（ WUE）. The PAR on cloudy days was 53.3% lower than on sunny days. At the same time,the average Pn on cloudy days was lower by an average of 37. 1%—72. 0% than that on sunny days. Compared with ambient conditions

关 键 词：CO2 温度 光合有效辐射 光合日变化 水稻 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]