上海大金山岛原尾虫的物种多样性及生态特征  

Biodiversity and ecological traits of Protura on Dajinshan Island in Shanghai,China

作　　者：卜云[1,2] 靳亚丽[1] 李必成[1] 杨斯琦 尹文英[2] BU Yun1,2 , JIN Yali1, LI Bicheng1 , Yang Siqi1 , YIN Wenying2(1 Natural History Research Center, Shanghai Natural History Museum, Shanghai Science ＆ Technology Museum, Shanghai 200041, China 2 Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, Chin)

机构地区：[1]上海科技馆上海自然博物馆自然史研究中心,上海200041 [2]中国科学院上海生命科学研究院植物生理生态研究所,上海200032

出　　处：《生态学报》2018年第6期2195-2203,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：上海市自然科学基金项目(17ZR1418700);国家自然科学基金项目(31772509;31471958);上海科技馆引进高层次人才科研启动项目;上海海洋管理事务中心2015年大金山岛生态调查项目

摘　　要：原尾虫是土壤动物的重要类群之一,然而目前对其物种多样性及生态特征的了解仍然十分有限,岛屿生态系统中原尾虫的研究尤为欠缺。为深入探讨原尾虫的栖息地选择、空间分布、种群密度、繁殖策略及其与土壤真菌的相互作用等生态特征,于2015年秋季在大金山岛竹林、乔木林和灌木林等3种不同的植被中进行了定量采样研究。结果表明,大金山岛共发现8种原尾虫,隶属2科4属,这些物种在上海市陆域植被中均有分布,且均为东洋界种类;大金山岛秋季原尾虫的总密度为竹林(696头/m^2)>乔木林(479头/m^2)>灌木林(213头/m^2);竹林中原尾虫的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显著高于灌木林(P<0.05),而不同植被类型中原尾虫的Pielou均匀度、Simpson优势度和Margalef丰富度等指数无显著差异;大金山岛的原尾虫在土壤中为隔离分布,具有在适宜的微生境中集中分布的特点;发现原尾虫在野外受到病原真菌感染的直接证据;通过对原尾虫的性比和幼虫比的分析,发现其繁殖可能采取介于k对策和r对策之间的生态策略。Protura is a group of important soil animals; however,knowledge on their diversity and ecological traits remains insufficient,especially in the island ecosystem. In order to investigate and discuss the habitat selection,spatial distribution,population density,and reproduction strategy of Protura,as well as the interaction between proturan and soil fungus,the species diversity in three vegetation types,including bamboo forest,arboreal forest,and shrubbery on Dajinshan Island were quantitatively studied during autumn 2015. The results indicate that eight species of Protura,belonging to two families and four genera,were found in Dajinshan Island. All species also occurred in the vegetation of the land area of Shanghai,and all belong to the Oriental realm. The total density of Protura in Dajinshan Island follows the order： bamboo forest（ 696 individuals/m^2） arboreal forest（479 individuals/m^2） shrubbery（213 individuals/m^2）. The Shannon-Wiener index of proturan in bamboo forest was significantly higher than in shrubbery（ P〈0.05）,while the Pielou index,Simpson index and Margalef index did not differ between vegetation types. The proturans are isolated and distributed in the soil of Dajinshan Island,and they are usually concentrated in feasible microhabitats. Infection by soil pathogenic fungi in proturan in nature was observed and is illustrated for the first time. To some extent,the sex ratio of proturan in nature reflects their reproduction status. Protura probably take an ecological strategy between k-and r-strategies.

关 键 词：土壤动物 种群密度 土壤真菌 空间分布 生态策略 岛屿 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]