棉属AD远缘杂种的合成及性状鉴定  

Synthesis and characterization of AD hybrid in Gossypium

作　　者：吴玉香[1] 李昱樱 申状状 张磊 郑赟 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第4期1-4,10,共5页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.31171599);山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2016-066)

摘　　要：[目的]棉属A、D组棉种是研究物种形成过程中生殖隔离机制和基因组互作的良好材料,本研究旨在获得AD远缘杂种并从形态学初步鉴定杂种的真实性,探讨A、D组棉种间生殖隔离的先后顺序,并进一步探究亲本基因组在杂种中的互作模式。[方法]选用A组亚洲棉、草棉为母本,D组雷蒙德氏和瑟伯氏棉为父本进行远缘杂交,获得杂种并进行统计分析和形态性状鉴定。[结果]结果表明四个组合中只有亚雷、草雷和亚瑟获得杂种并长成植株,亚雷和草雷组合的杂种植株长势旺盛并能开花,且杂种大部分性状间于双亲之间;亚瑟组合收到种子并能成苗,但植株生长受阻不现蕾;草瑟组合没有收到饱满种子。[结论]草瑟组合属于合子前生殖隔离;草雷、亚雷、亚瑟生殖隔离是由合子前和合子后生殖隔离共同起作用。且草雷、亚雷杂种基因组互作亲和,而亚瑟杂种基因组互作不亲和。D组雷蒙德氏棉能同时和A1、A2组杂交成功并获得杂种后代,进一步验证了雷蒙德氏棉被视为四倍体棉种祖先的直接证据。[Objective]A and D genome species are excellent materials to study reproductive isolation in speciation and genome interaction in Gossypium.We preliminary get AD hybrids and analysis the hybrid identity from morphology for testing the order of reproductive isolation between A and D genome species and further exploring the patterns of genome interaction in hybrids.[Methods]In this research,A genome species of G.arboreumand G.herbaceum were used as female parent to hybrid with D genome species of G.raimondii and G.thurberi in order to get distant hybrids.[Results]The result showed that only three combinations can get hybrid seeds and hybrid plants.Two combinations(G.arboreum X G.raimondii,G.herbaceum X G.raimondii)can grow vigorous plants and can flower with most midparent characteristics.One combination(G.arboreum X G.thurberi)performs informity plants and can not flower.One combination(G.herbaceum X G.thurberi)can not get seeds[Conclusions]One combination(G.herbaceum X G.thurberi)belongs to prezygotic barriers between parents.Three combinations(G.arboreum X G.raimondii,G.herbaceum X G.raimondii,G.arboreum X G.thurberi)belong to the function of prezygotic and postzygotic barriers together which the hybrid of G.arboreum X G.thurberi show incompatibility of genome interaction while others show compatibility between parental genomes.It was directly tested that G.raimondii is the origin of tetraploid in Gossypium because it can hybrid with both G.arboreumand G.herbaceum.

关 键 词：棉属 远缘杂交 生殖隔离 形态学 基因组互作 

分 类 号：S334.3[农业科学—作物遗传育种]