滨海地区不同棉花品种植株与光合性状及产量对盐碱胁迫的响应  

Response of the Yield,Photosynthesis Physiology and Plant Trait of the Different Breediness Cotton to Saline-Alkali Stress in Coastal Area

作　　者：冯国艺[1] 张谦[1] 祁虹[1] 雷晓鹏[1] 王树林[1] 梁青龙[1] 林永增[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院棉花研究所/农业部黄淮海半干旱区棉花生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,河北石家庄050051

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第4期23-29,共7页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD05B0503);河北省渤海粮仓科技示范工程;河北省青年自然基金(C2015301051)

摘　　要：[目的]在滨海盐碱地通过不同盐碱程度下种植不同棉花品种植株生长发育、光合性状及产量构成评价,探讨挖掘品种耐盐性提高滨海盐碱地产量的可能途径以及栽培策略。[方法]在中度(3.0~4.0g·kg-1)和重度盐碱棉田(4.0~6.0g·kg-1),选用杂交棉、早熟棉和中熟棉各4个品种,调查出苗率,植株性状、光合生理性状以及产量及其构成因子。[结果]除产量形成期杂交棉和早熟棉产品器官数,3种特性品种出苗率、植株光合生理性状和产量中度均优于重度盐碱棉田。早熟棉较杂交棉植株性状生育早期高6.2%~19.7%,叶绿素含量和单叶光合速率高5.5%~18.2%,叶面积高43.1%~57.1%;产量形成期株高和果枝数低0.4%~5.1%,产品器官数低12.6%~30.4%,光合生理性状低2.6%~18.7%,中熟棉较早熟棉的植株性状和光合生理性状均明显较低。皮棉产量中度盐碱棉田中熟棉最高(>1 000kg·hm-2),重度盐碱棉田早熟棉最高(≈1 000kg·hm-2)。[结论]杂交棉应采取措施增加出苗率并加强前期管理;中熟棉应并运用水肥等措施促进其尽早开花成铃。[Objective]The different breediness cottons were screened in the different saline degree of coastal area,and its yield,photosynthesis physiology and plant trait were studied.The output and cultivation strategy of increasing yield were discussed by cultivar selection in coastal saline-alkali area.[Methods]The experiment were conducted in state-run haixing in hebei province farm during 2017.the moderate salinity farmland(3.0~4.0 g·kg-1)and severe salinity farmland(4.0~6.0 g·kg-1)were used to planting 12 cotton cultivar.These 12 cotton cultivars included 4 hybrid cotton,4 earlier-mauture cotton and 4 middle maturing cotton.There were 3 repeat times and random arrangement in this experiment.The seedling emergence,plant trait,photosynthetic physiological characters and yield and its components factor was measured in this experiment.[Results]Although the precocious organs numbers of the hybrid cotton and earlier-mauture cotton were lower in the moderate salinity farmland than in the severe salinity farmland during the yield form stage,The seedling emergence,plant trait,photosynthetic physiological characters and yield and its components factor of three breediness cotton cultivars were lower in the moderate salinity farmland than in the severe salinity farmland. The plant traits of earlier-mauture cotton was 6.2% ~19.7% higher than the hybrid cotton,the chlorophyll content and the net photosynthetic rate of earlier-mauture cotton was 5.5% ~18.2% higher than the hybrid cotton,the leaf area of earlier-mauture cotton was 43.1%~ 57.1% higher than the hybrid cotton in the early growth stage.The plant height and branch number of earlier-mauture cotton was 0.4% ~5.1% lower than the hybrid cotton,theproduct organ numbers of earlier-mauture cotton was 12.6%~30.4%lower than the hybrid cotton,the photosynthetic physiological character of earlier-mauture cotton was 2.6%~18.7% higher than the hybrid cotton in during the yield form stage.The plant trait and photosynthetic physiological character of middle maturing cotton were lowes

关 键 词：棉花 滨海盐碱地 产量 植株性状 光合生理 

分 类 号：S334.3[农业科学—作物遗传育种]