2011—2017年重庆市南岸区学校传染病突发公共卫生事件分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of infectious disease outbreaks at schools in Nan′an District of Chongqing City from 2011 to 2017

作　　者：张楠[1] 邓雯文 曾德唯[1] 方勇[1] 唐小清 ZHANG Nan, DENG Wen-wen, ZENG De-wei, et al.(Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Nan＇an District, Chongqing 400067, Chongqing, Chin)

机构地区：[1]重庆市南岸区疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制科,重庆400067

出　　处：《中国校医》2018年第3期190-193,共4页Chinese Journal of School Doctor

摘　　要：目的分析2011—2017年南岸区学校传染病突发公共卫生事件流行特征,为探索适合本区实际的学校传染病综合防控措施提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法。结果 2011—2017年累计报告学校传染病突发公共卫生事件50起,占全区事件发生总数94.34%。发病1939例,无死亡病例报告,平均罹患率为3.30%;呼吸道传染病疫情为主要事件占66%,其次为肠道传染病占34%;疫情发生时间主要在4—6月及9—10月;报告事件数最多的前3位街镇依次为南坪镇、长生桥镇及涂山镇;小学报告疫情起数最多,共27起,占54%,其次是幼儿园,15起,占30%;呼吸道传染病疫情持续平均时间及首发病例发病至疫情报告间隔平均时间均高于肠道传染病。结论学校是传染病突发公共卫生事件的高发场所,呼吸道传染病为疫情防控重点和难点。南岸区需加强以呼吸道及肠道传染病为重点的学校传染病疫情监测,联合区教委督促学校积极落实传染病防控准备,同时,进一步推动南岸区疫苗接种工作,避免疫情扩散。Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of infectious disease outbreaks at schools in Nan′an Distract of Chongqing from 2011 to 2017, so as to provide the evidence for effective prevention of infectious diseases at schools. Methods The data of infectious disease outbreaks at schools were collected and analyzed by the descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 50 infectious disease outbreaks were reported from 2011 to 2017, accounting for94.34% of the total incidents. There were 1 939 patients and no death cases were reported, with an average incidence of3.30%. The incidence of respiratory infectious diseases was the highest, accounting for 66%. The second was intestinal infectious diseases, accounting for 34%. The infectious disease outbreaks peaked during April-June and September-December. The top three streets with the highest number of incidents were Nanping Town, Changshengqiao Town and Tushan Town. Primary schools were the major place, accounting for 54% of total 50 infectious disease outbreaks. Childcare facilities accounted for30%. The average interval between the initial case and report of respiratory infectious diseases was longer than that between the initial case and report of intestinal infectious diseases, as well as the duration of the outbreaks. Conclusion Schools are the hotspot of infectious disease outbreaks. Respiratory infectious diseases are the key points and difficulties in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Effective measures, such as epidemic surveillance of respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases, supervising schools to implement the preparation for infectious disease control, and further promoting vaccination efforts, are necessary to avoid the spread of infectious diseases.

关 键 词：学校 传染病 突发事件 公共卫生 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学]