施氮量对小麦花后氮素分配及氮素利用的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Nitrogen Allocation and Nitrogen Utilization after Anthesis in Wheat

作　　者：姜丽娜[1] 岳影[1] 李金娜[1] 张雅雯 朱娅林 李春喜[1] Jiang Lina, Yue Ying, Li Jinna, Zhang Yawen, Zhu Yalin, Li Chunxi(College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, Chin)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学生命科学学院,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《作物杂志》2018年第2期80-86,共7页Crops

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B14;2013BAD07B07);十三五国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2016YFD0300203-3)

摘　　要：为研究黄淮海麦区化肥投入不断增加,而产量却徘徊不前的问题,以当地主栽品种矮抗58和周麦22为材料,采用4个施氮水平(0、120、240、360kg/hm2)和品种的二因素分析方法研究了施氮量对小麦植株地上部各器官氮素分配及氮素利用的影响。结果表明:开花期至成熟期小麦植株地上部各营养器官氮含量和氮素积累量均下降。施氮量对开花期和成熟期小麦植株地上部各器官氮含量的影响均达显著水平,增加氮肥能显著促进小麦营养器官氮素向子粒转运和花后氮同化。开花期周麦22叶片氮素转运量优于矮抗58。矮抗58和周麦22花后氮同化量均以施氮量360kg/hm2最高,花前氮素积累转运量对子粒贡献率达60.25%~97.55%,子粒氮收获指数为59.82%~79.48%,随施氮量的增加而呈下降趋势。施氮量120kg/hm2处理的氮素养分利用效率、农学利用效率及生产效率均最高。增施氮肥对小麦子粒产量有显著促进影响,矮抗58在施氮量为360kg/hm2时有最大子粒产量,周麦22在施氮量为240kg/hm2时有最大子粒产量。推荐矮抗58和周麦22在黄淮海麦区的施氮量为240~360kg/hm2。In order to adjust the increasing input of chemical fertilizers while the output is stagnant in Huanghuaihai region, the effects of nitrogen application rate on nitrogen distribution and nitrogen utilization in different plant organs above ground were studied with local cultivars Aikang 58 and Zhoumai 22 as materials. Four nitrogen fertilizer levels （No 0, N1 120, N2 240, N3 360kg/hm2） and variety two-factor analysis were used in the experiment. The results showed that the effects of nitrogen application rate on N content in various organs at flowering and maturing stages of wheat were significant. N content and accumulation in the vegetative organs of wheat at maturity stage declined compared with those at anthesis. Increasing fertilization could significantly improve the transloeation of N from vegetative organs to grain and N assimilation after anthesis. The translocation of nitrogen from Zhoumai 22 was better than that of Aikang 58. The nitrogen assimilation of Aikang 58 and Zhoumai 22 after anthesis were both the highest in N3. The contribution rate of accumulated nitrogen before flowering was 60.25%-97.55%. N harvest index of grain was 59.82%-79.48% and decreased as the application of nitrogen increased. Nitrogen use efficiency, agronomic efficiency and production efficiency were the highest in NI. Nitrogen fertilizer application significantly promoted the grain yield of wheat, Aikang 58 had the highest grain yield at the rate of N3, Zhoumai 22 had the maximum grain yield at the rate of N2, The nitrogen application rates of Aikang 58 and Zhoumai 22 in Huanghuaihai wheat region were 240-360kWhm2.

关 键 词：小麦 施氮量 品种 氮素积累 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]