不同覆盖方式对大棚滴灌番茄水分利用和经济效益的影响  

Effects of Different Mulching Patterns on Water Use and Economic Returns of Drop Irrigation Tomato Planted in Plastic House

作　　者：王晓娟[1] 赵圆峰 王娟玲[1] 翟广谦[1] 刘恩科[1] 董春林[1] 闫六英[1] 张伟[1] 姜春霞[1] 张正[1] Wang Xiaojuan, Zhao Yuanfeng, Wang Juanling, Zhai Guangqian, Liu Enke, Dong Chunlin, Yan Liuying, Zhang Wei, Jiang Chunxia, Zhang Zheng(Institute of Dryland Farming, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, Chin)

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院旱地农业研究中心,山西太原030031

出　　处：《作物杂志》2018年第2期103-107,共5页Crops

基　　金：国家农业科研创新团队(旱作节水农业技术研究);山西省农业科学院项目(YBSJJ1508;YYDZX21;YGG1109);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300305-2);国家公益性行业项目(201503124);山西省创新团队(2012091022)

摘　　要：为了探明不同覆盖方式对黄土高原东部大棚滴灌番茄水分利用及经济效益的影响,在黄土高原东部进行了4种覆盖方式试验——地膜半覆盖(FH)、地膜全覆盖(FW)、秸秆全覆盖(SW)、秸秆地膜覆盖(SF),以不覆盖(CK)为对照。结果表明,SW和SF处理可分别显著提高番茄收获后0~120cm土层贮水量13.67%和28.49%,分别显著降低耗水量5.39%和14.84%。FH处理可显著降低番茄收获后0~120cm土层贮水量21.34%,显著提高耗水量8.35%。不同覆盖方式可显著增加番茄产量22.83%~50.35%,显著提高水分利用效率29.83%~67.65%,显著增加番茄产量收入和纯收益。SF处理比其他处理显著提高番茄水分利用效率15.19%~29.13%。FH处理较其他覆盖处理显著提高了番茄产量收入和纯收益。A field experiment was conducted at the east of the Loess Plateau to determine the effects of different mulching patterns on water use and economic returns of tomato under drip irrigation condition in plastic house. No mulch （CK）, film half mulch （FH）, film whole mulch （FW）, straw whole mulch （SW）, straw-film mulch （SF） were applied into field plots. The results showed that SW and SF treatments significantly increased soil moisture storage by 13.67% and 28.49% respectively in 0-120cm soil layer, and significantly decreased evapotranspiration rate by 5.39% and 14.84% respectively compared with control. FH treatment significantly decreased soil moisture storage by 21.34%, and significantly increased evapotranspiration by 8.35% compared with control in 0-120cm soil layer. Different mulching patterns significantly increased tomato yield by 22.83%-50.35%, and significantly increased water use efficiency by 29.83%-67.65%, and significantly increased tomato yield income and net return. SF treatment significantly increased water use efficiency by 15.19%-29.13% compared with other mulch treatments. FH treatment significantly increased tomato yield income and net return compared with other mulch treatments. It was suggested that FH treatment had an significant effect on increasing farmers income.

关 键 词：番茄 大棚 土壤水分 水分利用 经济效益 

分 类 号：S626[农业科学—园艺学] S641.2