控释氮肥运筹对丰油10号光合性能及产量的影响  

Effects of Slow-Released Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield in Brassica napus(Fengyou 10)

作　　者：蔡东芳[1] 张书芬[1] 王建平[1] 何俊平[1] 曹金华[1] 文雁成[1] 赵磊[1] 王东国[1] 朱家成[1] Cai Dongfang, Zhang Shufen, Wang Jianping, He Junping, Cao Jinhua, Wen Yancheng, Zhao Lei, Wang Dongguo, Zhu Jiacheng(Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huanghuaihai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Genetic Improvement in Henan Province, 7hengzhou 450002, Henan, Chin)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所/农业部黄淮海油料作物重点实验室/河南省油料作物遗传改良重点实验室,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《作物杂志》2018年第2期136-140,共5页Crops

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-12);河南省重大科技专项(151100111200);河南省科技攻关项目(162102110011);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0101300)

摘　　要：氮素运筹是调控作物生长及光合生产率的重要手段。以丰油10号为研究对象,探讨不同氮肥及其施用量对油菜叶绿素含量、叶面积指数、光合参数及农艺性状和产量的影响,探索简化高效的施肥量和施肥方式。结果表明,随着氮肥施用量的增加,蕾薹期和花期的叶绿素SPAD值和叶面积指数均有所增加,花期的叶绿素SPAD值明显高于对照N0。而与光合作用相关的4个参数净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)在蕾薹期受氮肥施用量影响较显著,花期差异不显著。当采用尿素分次施用纯氮量达到240kg/hm^2(U16)时,可显著增加株高、一次分枝数、一次分枝角果数和单株角果数,此时产量最高,为2 929.33kg/hm^2。当采用缓释氮肥一次性基施纯氮量达到180kg/hm^2(CRU12)时,产量较高,为2 696.17kg/hm^2,与分次施用不同量尿素处理的产量差异均不显著,省时省工,是简化高效的施肥技术。Nitrogen nutrition regulation is an important means to regulate crop growth and photosynthetic rate. To explore simplified and efficient nitrogen fertilizer management, the hybrid rapeseed Fengyou 10 was used to investigate the effects of different nitrogen （N） application rates and slow-release urea on chlorophyll content, leaf area index, photosynthetic parameters, agronomic traits and yield. The result showed that, as nitrogen application rates increased, chlorophyll content and leaf area index at budding and flowering period increased, and the values of chlorophyll content at flowering period was significantly higher than the control NO. Nitrogen application rates had significant effects on net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and intercellular CO2 concentration at budding period, but little effects on these four photosynthetic parameters at flowering period. The plant height, the branch number, siliques number of 1 st branches and total siliques number per plant significantly increased and the highest yield was 2 929.33kg/ hm2 when the urea application rate reached 240kg/hm2, While the slow-release urea application rate reached to 180kg/ hm2, the highest yield was 2 696.17kg/hm2 and had no significant difference with that of separately application, which was simplified and efficient fertilizer management.

关 键 词：氮肥 光合参数 缓释氮肥 油菜 丰油10号 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]