日照大白猪胴体性能和肉品质的测定及MyHC基因在肌肉组织中的表达分析  

Carcass Performance and Meat Quality Analysis of Rizhao Large White Pigs(Sus scrofa) and the Expression of MyHC Genes in Muscle Tissues

作　　者：张艳敏[1] 刘颖[1] 李文通 杨亚岚 葛长利 陈其美 李华 周荣[1] ZHANG Yan-Min1 LIU Ying1 LI Wen-Tong1 YANG Ya-Lan2 GE Chang-Li3 CHEN Qi-Mei3 LI Hua2 ZHOU Rong1(1 Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; 2 School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China; 3 Shandong Lansi Seeds Industry Co., Ltd, Rizhao 276800, China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京100193 [2]佛山科技学院生命科学与工程学院,佛山528231 [3]山东蓝思种业有限公司,日照276800

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2018年第4期616-625,共10页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.31330074);中国农业科学院基本科研业务费(No.Y2016JC07和2018-YMFYB-YB-T)

摘　　要：胴体性能和肉质性状的测定与评估是猪(Sus scrofa)种质资源开发利用的基础,而肌球蛋白重链基因(myosin heavy chain genes,MyHC)所编码的红肌纤维和白肌纤维可影响猪肉的嫩度和多汁性。为促进新培育的瘦肉型新品种日照大白猪的合理利用和市场推广,本研究选择34头100 kg的日照大白育肥猪进行集中屠宰分割,测定其胴体、肉质和营养成分等各项性状指标,并与沂蒙黑猪、大白猪以及大关二元猪进行比较。同时比较分析了MYH1、MYH2和MYH4在日照大白猪、梅山猪腿肌和背肌中的表达水平。结果表明,在胴体性能上,日照大白猪的屠宰率(75.43%)、腿臀比例(32.79%)、胴体瘦肉率(67.32%)等指标与大白猪无显著差异,极显著高于其母本沂蒙黑猪及杂交猪种大关二元猪(P<0.01),表现出明显的杂种优势和遗传互补性;而在肉质性状上,肉色评分4.4分、肌内脂肪含量1.54%,较大白猪有所改善,但脂肪沉积能力极显著弱于沂蒙黑猪,肉质口感稍逊;在营养成分上,日照大白猪的氨基酸含量丰富,总氨基酸和必需氨基酸含量极显著高于沂蒙黑猪、大白猪及大关二元猪,而脂肪酸含量整体极显著低于其他3个品种猪。日照大白猪腿肌中MYH1、MYH2表达量极显著高于背肌,MYH2的表达量显著高于梅山猪腿肌,但梅山猪肌肉中红肌纤维的比例整体上高于日照大白猪。由此可见,新品种日照大白猪具有产肉性能好、营养价值高等优良特性,但肉质有待进一步改善。本研究为促进日照大白猪的合理持续选育、市场推广和利用提供了参考资料。The determination and evaluation of carcass performance and meat quality traits are the foundation of the development and utilization of pig（Sus scrofa） germplasm resources, and the red muscle fibers and white muscle fibers encoded by MyHC genes are positively correlated with the tenderness and juiciness of pork. In order to facilitate the rational utilization and promotion of newly cultivated lean-type Rizhao large white（RZW） pigs, 34 fattening RZW pigs were slaughtered to detect carcass performance and meat quality. The traits including carcass performance, meat quality and nutrient content traits and so on were measured and compared with these of Yimeng black（YM）, Large white（LW） and Yorkshire Guanzhong black（YG） pigs. Futher, the expression level of myosin heavy chain genes MYH1, MYH2, and MYH4 were also examined in leg muscle and dorsal muscle of RZW and Meishan（MS） pigs. The results showed that the75.43% of slaughter rate, 32.79% of leg hip ratio and 67.32% of lean meat rate of RZW pigs have no significant difference with LW pigs, but significantly higher than local varieties YM and YG pigs. RZW pigs showed significant heterosis and genetic complementarity on carcass performance. But on meat quality traits,meat color scored 4.4 points and the intramuscular fat content 1.54%, have improved compared with LW pigs.However, the ability of fat deposition is significantly weaker than that of YM pigs, and the meat is less tasty.In nutrients, RZW pigs had rich in amino acids. The total amino acids and essential amino acids content are Extremely higher than that of YM, LW and YG pigs. However, The overall fatty acid content of RZW pigs was significantly lower than that of the other three breeds. The results also showed the expression of MYH1 and MYH2 in the leg muscle of RZW pigs was significantly higher than that of the back muscle, and the expression of MYH2 was significantly higher than that of Meishan pigs. In addition, it is interesting the expression of three types of MyHC genes in dorsa

关 键 词：日照大白猪 胴体性能 肉质性状 肌球蛋白重链基因(MyHC) 

分 类 号：S828[农业科学—畜牧学] S828.89[农业科学—畜牧兽医]