氮磷配施对冬小麦干物质积累、分配及产量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen-phosphorus-combined Application on Characteristics of Dry Matter Accumulation,Distribution and Yield of Winter Wheat

作　　者：崔正勇[1] 李新华[1] 裴艳婷 高国强[1] 张凤云[1] 孙明柱[1] 李鹏[1] CUI Zhengyong1 , LI Xinhua1 , PEI Yanting2 , GAO Guoqiang1 , ZHANG Fengyun1 ,SUN Mingzhu1 and LI Peng1(1. Atomic Energy Applied Agricultural Research Institute,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science,Jinan 250100,China 2. Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dezhou Shandong 253000,Chin)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院原子能农业应用研究所,济南250100 [2]德州市农业科学院,山东德州253000

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2018年第3期339-346,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：山东省农业科学院重大科技成果培育计划(2014CGPY03);十三五国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0102101);山东省自主创新重大关键技术项目(2014GJJS0201);国家科技支撑计划(2014BAA03B04;2013BAD01B02);国家公益性行业科研专项(201303007-1)~~

摘　　要：为了探究氮磷配施对小麦干物质向籽粒分配的调控效应,以高产小麦品种‘鲁原502'为试验材料,比较不同氮磷处理干物质积累、分配、产量及构成因素等性状差异。结果表明,适量增加施氮量和施磷量可促进小麦起身期至成熟期干物质积累以及开花期、成熟期干物质向营养器官的分配,对越冬前干物质积累量无显著影响。增加施氮量可提高花前营养器官贮藏同化物转运量、花后同化物输入籽粒量以及对籽粒贡献率,同时降低花前营养器官总转运量对籽粒贡献率;增加施磷量则可提高花前营养器官贮藏同化物总转运量以及花后同化物输入籽粒量。增加施氮量和施磷量均可提高小麦穗数、穗粒数,进而增加产量。研究结果表明,240kg·hm^(-2) N、100kg·hm^(-2) P_2O_5(N_2P_2)处理可作为黄淮麦区干物质积累分配及获得高产的施肥参考。In order to explore regulation effects of nitrogen and phosphorus application on characteris- tics of dry matter distribution to grain,the high-yield wheat cultivar ＇Luyuan 502＇ was chosen as ex- perimental material to examine characteristics of dry matter accumulation, distribution and grain yield and yield components. The results showed that dry matter accumulation from erecting to maturity stage was promoted with appropriate application of nitrogen and phosphorus,and so was the distribu tion of dry matter to vegetative organs at anthesis and maturity stage. Nevertheless, no significant differences were observed at pre-winter stage. Pre-anthesis reserves from vegetative organ, post-anthe- sis assimilates allocation to grain and contribution rate increased with appropriate application of nitro- gen,as opposed to contribution rate of pre-anthesis reserves. Pre-anthesis reserves from vegetative or- gan and post-anthesis assimilates allocation to grain also increased with appropriate application of phosphorus. With the increase of nitrogen and phosphorus application, spike number, kernels spike in- creased,and then grain yield was promoted. It was shown that N2P2 is recommended as the fertilizer management reference to optimize dry matter accumulation, distribution and obtain high yield in this region.

关 键 词：氮磷配施 冬小麦 干物质 积累分配 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]