死刑适用的规范论标准  

Normative Theory Standard for the Application of the Death Penalty

作　　者：冯军[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学刑事法律科学研究中心

出　　处：《中国法学》2018年第2期190-207,共18页China Legal Science

基　　金：2012年教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地项目(项目批准号:12JJD820002)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：刑事法官只有掌握并且运用规范论的立场来适用死刑,才能消弭我国目前在死刑适用上遇到的困境和产生的乱象。"罪行极其严重"是指行为人的犯罪行为及其造成的危害后果在违法性和有责性上都极其严重,要根据刑法分则中配置死刑的条文所描述的罪状,参照刑法分则中把死刑作为绝对确定的法定刑来配置的条文所描述的罪状,综合判断行为人的犯罪行为是否属于"罪行极其严重";要从《刑法》第50条第1款关于死刑缓期执行期间执行死刑的规定中推导出"不是必须立即执行"的条件,即,如果应当被判处死刑的犯罪分子确实不存在再次实施情节恶劣的故意犯罪的危险,对他就"不是必须立即执行"死刑;但是,如果行为人在犯下某一应当判处死刑的极其严重的罪行之后,又犯下另一情节恶劣的故意犯罪的,对他就"必须立即执行"死刑。Only when the criminal judges master and apply the normative theory on the death penalty can prevent the dilemma and chaotic phenomena on the application of the death penalty in China at present. ＂Extremely serious crimes＂ mean that the perpetrator＇s criminal act and its aftermath are extremely serious on the illegality and responsibility. We should judge whether the perpetrator＇s criminal act belongs to ＂extremely serious crime＂ or not in line with both the guilt described in the articles configuring the death penalty in Specific Provisions of the Criminal Law and the guilt described in the articles configuring the death penalty as the absolute punishment of legally-prescribed punishment in Specific Provisions of the Criminal Law. We can evolve the condition of ＂not necessary immediate execution＂ from article 50 in the criminal law regarding that anyone who is sentenced to death with a suspension of execution shall be executed, which means the criminal who is sentenced to death commits no intentional crime with execrable circumstances, the immediate execution of a criminal is not deemed necessary. If the perpetrator commits an extremely serious crime punishable by death, and commits another intentional crime with execrable circumstances, the immediate execution of a criminal punishable by death is deemed necessary to him.

关 键 词：死刑适用标准 规范论 罪行极其严重 

分 类 号：D924.12[政治法律—刑法学]