中国奥运射击冠军比赛心理定向的质性研究  

Qualitative Research on Psychological Orientation of Chinese Olympic Shooting Champions

作　　者：李京诚[1] 刘淑慧[1] 李四化[1] LI Jingeheng;LIU Shuhui;LI Sihua(Dept. of Psychology and Education, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China)

机构地区：[1]首都体育学院心理学与教育学教研室,北京100191

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2017年第4期320-325,共6页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

摘　　要：为了分析中国奥运射击冠军的奥运会比赛心理定向,访谈17名奥运冠军(步枪、气步枪运动员9名,手枪、气手枪运动员7名,飞碟运动员1名),男性9名,女性8名,对赛前和赛中的原始资料进行开放式(157个码号)、关联式(4个类属码,即对象、事件、自我、他人)和核心式(2个核心类属,即思维与注意指向,觉察与调控)3种方式的编码。赛前,冠军们思维活跃,特别关注自己(其主要的心理定向)、动作和结果,共25个码号。赛中,冠军们精力集中,尤其关注自己当前的动作过程,从头到尾一发一发打,力争做好每一环节;还有想打好和夺冠的想法,但能及时发现心理定向偏差并纠正;提及心理定向的调控最多,共46个码号;教练员的临场指导对纠正运动员心理定向偏差起重要作用。结论:我国奥运射击冠军将关注自我、把握过程、打好每一发作为心理定向的焦点;对心理定向偏差的觉察和调控,为其正常发挥技术水平奠定了心理基础。17 Olympic shooting champions（9 males and 8 females）in China were interviewed in this research,including 9 rifle and air rifle athletes,7 pistoland air pistol athletes,and 1 shotgun athlete. 157 codes were obtained by the way of open coding that was conducted according to the meaning units in the origi-nal data. 4 generic codes were summed up by the way of associative coding,namely object,event,self and other people. 2 core generic codes were abstractedfrom the four generic code numbers,one was thinking activity and attention direction,another was perception and regulation. 25 codes were gotten about the ori-entation of pro-competition. Shooters thought actively and focused on specially themselves（the main one）,action processes and results. During the competi-tion,shooters concentrated on particularly the present actions,they dealt with each shot carefully and strove to finish every link. They thought involuntarily alsothe results,but they could find timely the deviation and correct effectively. The regulations of psychological orientation in competition were mentioned most（a to-tal of 46 codes）. What played an important role in correcting the shooters＇ orientation deviation was coaches＇ guidance on the spot. The Chinese Olympic shoot-ing champions took themselves,action processes and each shot as the focus of psychological orientation. The perception and regulation from themselves orcoaches about orientation deviation was conducive to giving full play to normal level in competitions.

关 键 词：奥运会 射击冠军 比赛心理定向 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]