黑龙江省东部边境地区自备水源水质卫生状况调查  

Water quality analysis and hygienic evaluation on the self-contained water source in the Eastern border area of Heilongjiang

作　　者：张灿[1] 张熙遥 戚红卷[1] 史云[1] 韩文志 胡晓丰[1] 刘雪林[1] 靳连群[1] 戚丽华 张传福[1] ZHANG Can;ZHANG Xi-yao;QI Hong-juan;SHI Yun;HAN Wen-zhi;HU Xiao-feng;LIU Xue-lin;JIN Lian-qun;Qi Li-hua;ZHANG Chuan-fu(Chinese PLA Institute for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100071 , China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军疾病预防控制所,北京100071 [2]沈阳军区疾病预防控制中心 [3]中国人民解放军陆军总医院

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2018年第3期201-204,共4页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51378283);国家传染病重大专项(2017ZX10103003-001);军队后勤科研计划重点资助项目(BWS12J043);军队疾控任务资助项目(16SYF0072)

摘　　要：目的了解黑龙江省东部边境地区自备水源的卫生状况,为自备供水单位加强水源管理、水质净化和消毒等工作提供科学依据,保障生活饮用水水质安全。方法采集黑龙江省东部边境地区自备水源(浅井水、深井水和泉水)水样共61份,对水质的感官性状指标、一般化学指标、毒理学指标以及微生物学指标进行卫生学评价。结果 61份自备水源水均合格的仅有4份,总合格率为6.56%。在感官性状指标、一般化学指标、毒理学指标和微生物学指标中不合格率由高到低依次是微生物学指标(68.85%)、感官性状指标(67.21%)、一般化学指标(24.59%)和毒理学指标(6.56%);不同水源类型(深水井,浅水井和泉水)之间比较,不合格率最高的是浅水井(96.88%),三者比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.706,P=0.271);毒理学指标砷、氟化物和硝酸盐均有超标现象,其中砷不合格率最高(4.92%)。结论黑龙江省东部边境地区自备水源合格率低,微生物指标超标严重,其次为毒理学指标中的砷超标,此外氟化物和硝酸盐风险也应该得到重视。建议加强水源保护以及水质净化消毒,提高生活饮用水水质,防止介水传染病的发生。Objective To assess the water quality and the hygienic condition of self-contained water source in the Eastern border area of Heilongjiang. Methods A total of 61 water samples were collected from the selfcontained water sources（shallow wells,deep wells and springs）in the Eastern border area of Heilongjiang and were tested based on the Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water GB5749-2006 which included the organoleptic index,the general chemical index,the toxicological index as well as the microbial index. Results Only6.56%（4/61）of total samples were qualified drinking water.68.85% of samples failed for the microbiological index,67.21% and 24.59%of samples failed for the organoleptic index and the general chemical index,only6.56% of samples failed for the toxicological index.The differences of unqualified rates were not statistically significant among water samples collected from dug wells,drilled wells and springs,even though the unqualified rate of water from dug wells was as high as 96.88%（χ^2=2.706,P=0.271）.The water levels of arsenic,fluoride and nitrate nitrogen exceeded the standard requirement in some samples,especially the level of arsenic which had unqualified rate of 4.92%. Conclusions The qualified rate of self-contained water in the Eastern border area of Heilongjiang is relatively low with high microbial contamination and high levels of arsenic,fluoride and nitrate nitrogen in water which may pose risks and need more attention.The protection and disinfection of water sources should be strengthened,and the quality of drinking water should be improved so as to prevent water-borne communicable diseases.

关 键 词：生活饮用水 卫生学评价 黑龙江省 水源 自备井 

分 类 号：R821[医药卫生—临床医学]