黄岩紫莳药栽培密度和优化施肥试验研究  

Study on Planting Density and Fertilization Optimization in Huangyan Purple Yam

作　　者：陈孝赏[1] 陈伟强 房玉伟[1] 蔡东升 刘守坎[1] Chen Xiaoshang, Chen Weiqiang, Fang Yuwei, Cai Dongsheng, Liu Shoukan(Taizhou Academy of Agricultural Science Research, Linhai Zhejiang 31700)

机构地区：[1]台州市农业科学研究院,浙江临海317000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2018年第7期18-22,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：台州市科技计划项目"马铃薯新品种引选与推广应用"(15ny08)

摘　　要：研究黄岩紫莳药的需肥规律,为合理施肥提供科学依据,避免和减少不合理施肥所造成浪费和污染。采用单因素随机区组设计和二次饱和D-最优设计,分别研究密度和氮、磷、钾施用量对紫莳药块茎产量的影响,建立了相应的数学模型。在紫莳药高产栽培中,钾肥用量对产量的影响最大,其次是氮肥用量和磷肥用量,且氮肥用量和磷肥用量是负向作用,钾肥用量是正向作用。由此可见,控氮、增钾、适磷的施肥措施是紫莳药获得高产的有效措施。紫莳药的适宜栽培密度为2.0万~2.5万株/hm^2,产量高于27.0 t/hm^2的优化施肥组合方案为氮肥用量185.06~333.94 kg/hm^2,磷肥用量65.30~189.69 kg/hm^2,钾肥用量342.83~559.30 kg/hm^2。不能为了高产偏面加大肥料用量,需要氮肥、磷肥、钾肥配合施肥,同时应做好土壤培肥工作。二次饱和D-最优设计可用于黄岩紫莳药栽培中的优化施肥技术研究。To study the nutrient requirement law of Huangyan purple yam can provide a scientific basis for rational fertilization, as well as avoid and reduce the waste and pollution caused by irrational fertilization.Single factor randomized block design and quadratic saturation D optimum design were used to study the effect of density and NPK application rate on tuber yield of purple yam, and corresponding mathematical models wereestablished. In high-yielding cultivation of purple yam, the application amount of K fertilizer had the greatest and positive effect on the yield of purple yam, while N and P fertilizer had a minor and negative effect on theyield of purple yam. Thus, to control N, increase K and properly use P fertilizer is the effective measure toobtain high yield in purple yam. The optimized planting density of purple yam was 20-25 thousand plants/hm^2,the optimum fertilizer combination for purple yam yield more than 27.0 t/hm^2 was： nitrogen 185.06-333.94 kg/hm^2;phosphorus 65.30-189.69 kg/hm^2; potassium 342.83-559.30 kg/hm^2. Overuse of fertilizer to increase yield isnot desirable. Instead, NPK fertilizers should be combined and soil fertility should be well managed. Thequadratic saturation D optimum design can be applied to optimizing fertilization techniques in Huangyan purple yam cultivation.

关 键 词：黄岩 紫莳药 密度 优化施肥技术 二次饱和D-最优设计 

分 类 号：S114[农业科学—农业基础科学]