听觉剥夺后中枢交叉模式重组与人工耳蜗植入术后皮层重构  

Reorganization of central cross-model pattern after auditory deprivation and cortical reconstruction following cochlear implantation

作　　者：魏朝刚[1] 刘玉和[1] 金昕[2] Wei Chaogang, Liu Yuhe, Jin Xin(1Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing100034, China ; 2Chinese Medical Association Publishing House, Belling 100710, Chin)

机构地区：[1]北京大学第一医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,100034 [2]中华医学会杂志社,北京100710

出　　处：《中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志》2018年第3期232-237,共6页Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金（81271088,81470691）

摘　　要：听觉神经系统的发育在出生后有一快速增长时期，若在这期间没有得到足够的感觉（听觉）刺激，则会对听觉中枢的发育和发展产生严重的负面影响。如果在关键期不能解除听觉剥夺的话，听觉及视觉皮层将会发生交叉模式重组和皮层功能重新定位。植入人工耳蜗后，特别是在低龄期的干预，可使听觉传导通路和皮层得到刺激和兴奋，持续的信号输入可使大脑皮层发生重构，适应和重建听觉功能。通过多重感觉模式的协同效果，可使言语和语言能力得到发展。The auditory nervous system has a rapid development period after birth, if there lack enough sensory（auditory） stimulation during this period, there should be a serious and negative impact on the growth and development of auditory center. In the auditory deprivation persist in the critical period, the auditory and visual cortex should be in cross-model reorganization and reorientation of cortical function. Cochlear implantation, especially intervention in the younger age, could excite the auditory cortex, and continuous stimulation to the cerebral cortex can promote the adaptation and reconstruction of auditory function. Speech and language skills can be developed by the synergistic effect of multiple sensory modalities.

关 键 词：听觉丧失 听觉皮质 神经元可塑性 耳蜗植入术 

分 类 号：R764.9[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]