基于GlobeLand30的大洋洲耕地利用格局变化分析  

Change in Cultivated Land Use Pattern in Oceania Based on GlobeLand30

作　　者：曹隽隽 吴文斌[1] 刘逸竹[1] 胡琼 陈迪[1] 项铭涛[1] 周清波 CAO JunJun;WU WenBin;LIU YiZhu;HU Qiong;CHEN Di;XIANG MingTao;ZHOU QingBo(l institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agrieultural Seienees/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beo＇ing 100081;Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis and Simulation of Hubei Province, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部农业遥感重点实验室,北京100081 [2]华中师范大学地理过程分析与模拟湖北省重点实验室,武汉430079

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2018年第6期1156-1166,共11页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：测绘地理信息公益性行业科研专项项目"全球地表覆盖数据分析"(201512028)

摘　　要：【目的】大洋洲区域气候差异明显,地表覆盖和土地利用类型多样,耕地变化较为剧烈。分析大洋洲耕地利用格局的时空变化,科学把握其特征及规律,为耕地集约利用和粮食政策制定提供参考。【方法】采用最新研制的2000年和2010年全球30 m地表覆盖遥感数据产品(GlobeLand30),建立耕地面积数量、利用强度和转换特征3个指标群,在国家尺度、10 km网格和30 m像元尺度综合分析大洋洲2000—2010年耕地利用格局变化特征。【结果】(1)2000—2010年大洋洲耕地面积总体增加约3.79%,耕地面积增幅最大的国家为澳大利亚,增幅5.39%。新增耕地主要集中在澳大利亚大分水岭山脉以东墨累-达令河流域上游。耕地面积减少的区域主要在新西兰北部岛屿,澳大利亚东部沿海和巴布亚新几内亚东部岛屿。主要国家人均耕地平均减少21.47%,人均耕地减少幅度最大国家为新喀里多尼亚。(2)从耕地利用强度格局变化来看,主要国家复种指数平均增加20.63%,耕地破碎度平均减少22.83%。耕地面积-复种指数协调度弹性较大。新西兰与澳大利亚两国耕地破碎度变化驱动机制差异明显。(3)从耕地类型转换特征来看,2000年耕地转出和2010年耕地转入面积最大的国家均为澳大利亚,2000年共计转出630.25×104 hm2,其中转为草地占比所有其他转出地类的74.77%,2010年共计从草地转入544.95×104 hm2,占所有转入地类面积的59.72%;全大洲耕地与草地之间转换面积最大,但对净增加耕地贡献最大的是灌木地,转入耕地165.03×104 hm2。【结论】10年间大洋洲耕地面积变化较为剧烈,耕地利用强度整体提高,耕地与草地相互转换最为频繁。【Objective】The cultivated land change are more intense due to the latitudes of Oceania North and South have significant differences in climate and various types of food production in response to climate change is extremely sensitive. This paper analyzes the spatial and temporal changes of the cultivated land use pattern in Oceania, and scientifically grasps its characteristics and laws, which provides useful reference for the utilization of cultivated land and the development of grain policy.【Method】To do that, GlobeLand30, the two global 30 meters land cover remote sensing data product with 2000 and 2010 data, is newly constructed to establish three index sets, such as cultivated land quantity index, cultivated land use pattern index and cultivated land conversion index. The characteristics of cultivated land use in Oceania from 2000 to 2010 were analyzed from multiple angles： the national scale, 10 km×10 km grid scale and 30 m pixel scale.【Result】From the perspective of the change of cultivated land area, the cultivated area of Oceania increased by 3.79% from 2000 to 2010, and the largest increase in cultivated land area was Australia, with an increase of 5.39%. The largest additions of the area were mainly concentrated in the upper reaches of the Murray-Darling River Basin, east of the Oita Mountains in Australia. The area of reduced cultivated land was mainly in the northern islands of New Zealand, the east coast of Australia, and the eastern island of Papua New Guinea. The average per capita cultivated land in the major countries decreased by 21.47% and the largest decrease in farmland per capita was New Caledonia. From the perspective of the change of cultivated land use intensity, the average cropping index of major countries increased by 20.63%, and the average fragmentation of cultivated land decreased by 22.88%. The coordination degree of the cultivated area-compound index is more elastic. There are obvious differences in the driving mechanism of cultivated land fragmentation between Aust

关 键 词：耕地 格局变化 GlobeLand30 大洋洲 

分 类 号：F313[经济管理—产业经济]