高潜水位煤矿区土地利用景观格局分析与模拟预测研究——以沛北煤矿区为例  

Research on the Change and Simulation of Landscape Pattern in Mining Area With Higher Level of Underground Water——A Case Study of Peibei Mining Area

作　　者：王慧[1] 丁忠义[1] 侯湖平[1] 贾斐斐[1] 杨子睿 WANG Hui;DING Zhong-yi;HOU Hu-ping;JIA Fei-fei;YANG Zi-rui(School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2018年第3期574-582,共9页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAB11B06)

摘　　要：我国东部高潜水位煤矿区因煤粮复合、煤水复合、煤村复合成为我国土地复垦难度最大的典型地区之一;研究高潜水位煤矿区土地利用景观格局的时空演变规律,可为制订有效的土地复垦策略提供重要的科学依据。本研究选择位于江苏省徐州市的沛北煤矿区为例,选用1995年TM、2005年ETM+和2015年OLI遥感影像作为数据源,运用土地利用转移轨迹、景观格局指数等分析其景观格局变化特征,并采用CA-Markov模型预测了2025年研究区的土地利用景观格局。结果表明:(1)研究区景观变化轨迹趋势明显,耕地主要流向建设用地、塌陷积水区、水域和湿地;园林地转变为建设用地和耕地;塌陷积水面积的增加主要来源于建设用地和耕地,贡献比例分别为47.68%、19.20%;(2)CA-Markov模型情景模拟结果表明:2015~2025年,耕地、水域和湿地面积减小;建设用地和塌陷积水面积明显增加;(3)景观格局指数分析结果表明:在类型水平上,耕地、水域和湿地是主导优势地类,但耕地、塌陷积水、水域和湿地破碎化程度较高;景观水平上,景观格局总体边缘形状趋向简单。综上表明,研究区土地利用景观变化源于区域城镇化进程加快、因采矿活动导致的地表沉陷积水情况加重;建议提前编制预计塌陷区的防治及已塌陷区的规划治理方案。The coal mine area in eastern China is one of the typical areas in resource utilization,which is characterized by high groundwater level. In this area,the land reclamation is difficult to implement and maintain effectively due to the combination relationships among coal and grain,coal and water,coal and village. The study on the spatial-temporal evolution law of Landscape in the high water level coal mine area can provide an important scientific basis for making effective land reclamation strategy. This study selected the Peibei mining area as a case study,which locate in Xuzhou city,Jiangsu Province. In this study,based on the data of Landsat TM image in1995,Landsat ETM ＋ images in 2005 and Landsat8 OLI images in 2015,land use transfer trajectory and landscape pattern index were used to analyze the characteristics of landscape pattern changes and CA-Markov model was used to forecast the land use landscape pattern in 2025. The results showed that：（ 1） The trend of landscape change was obvious： During 1995 to 2015, the cultivated land is the main source of land transfer,which is mainly converted to the building land,water and wetlands. In addition,collapse water area mainly comes from the building land and cultivated land, and the contribution ratios were 47. 68% and 19. 20%respectively.（ 2） The simulation results of CA-Markov model show that from 2015 to 2025,the area of cultivated land,water and wetland decreased,on the contrary,the area of construction land and collapse water area increased significantly.（ 3） The results of landscape pattern index analysis show that： On the patch type level,farmland,water and wetlands. are dominant types in the study area,however the degree of fragmentation of cultivated land,collapse water area,water and wetland is higher. On the landscape level,the overall shape of the landscape pattern tends to be simple. The results above show that the changes of land use landscape in the study area are caused by the acceleration of regional urbanization and the increase

关 键 词：景观格局演变 煤矿区 高潜水位 土地景观格局 CA-Markov模型 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济] TD88[矿业工程—矿山开采]