非一致性水文频率计算的基因途径Ⅰ:水文基因遗传、变异和进化原理  

Gene method for inconsistent hydrological frequency calculation. I: Inheritance,variability and evolution principles of hydrological genes

作　　者：谢平[1,2] 吴子怡 赵江艳[1] 桑燕芳[3] 陈杰[1] XIE Ping;WU Zi-yi;ZHAO Jiang-yan;SANG Yan-fang;CHEN Jie(State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineer- ing Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;Collaboratwe Innovatton Center for Territo- rial Sovereignty and Maritime Rights, Wuhan 430072, China;Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beifing 100101, China）.)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [2]国家领土主权与海洋权益协同创新中心,武汉430072 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2018年第4期1023-1032,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(91547205;91647110;51579181;51779176);湖南省水利科技项目(湘水科计[2015]13-21)资助~~

摘　　要：随机水文过程受到随机性和确定性因素的综合影响,其时间序列不仅具有反映遗传特性的纯随机成分,还含有反映变异特性的确定性跳跃、趋势、周期成分和随机性相依成分,使得随机水文过程表现出复杂的变化形态和演变规律.为了对上述复杂的变化形态和演变规律进行统一认识,本文从随机过程模拟和时间序列分析两个角度描述了非一致性水文序列的遗传和变异特性或规律,同时对非一致性水文频率计算途径进行比较,说明非一致性研究面临的主要问题.在此基础上,本文借鉴生物基因概念来定义水文基因,并分别利用常规矩、权函数矩、概率权重矩、线性矩等描述水文基因的构建和表达过程;同时定义跳跃、趋势、周期、相依和纯随机成分为构成水文基因的5种水文碱基,综合考虑非一致性水文序列的遗传成分和变异成分,并阐述其遗传、变异和进化原理,以揭示水文要素概率分布遗传、变异和进化的演变规律.A stochastic hydrological process is influenced by both stochastic and deterministic factors. A hydrological time series contains not only pure random components reflecting its inheri- tance characteristics, but also deterministic components reflecting variability characteristics, such as jump, trend, period, and stochastic dependence. As a result, the stochastic hydrological process presents complicated evolution phenomena and rules. To better understand these complicated phenomena and rules, this study described the inheritance and variability characteristics of an inconsistent hydrological series from two aspects： stochastic process simulation and time series analy- sis. In addition, several frequency analysis approaches for inconsistent time series were compared to reveal the main problems in inconsistency study. Then, we proposed a new concept of hydrological genes origined from biological genes to describe the inconsistent hydrolocal processes. The hydrologi- cal genes were constructed using moments methods, such as general moments, weight function moments, probability weight moments and L-moments. Meanwhile, the five components, including jump, trend, periodic, dependence and pure random components, of a stochastic hydrological process were defined as five hydrological bases. With this method, the inheritance and variability of inconsistent hydrological time series were synthetically considered and the inheritance, variability and evolution principles were fully described. Our study would contribute to reveal the inheritance, variability and evolution principles in probability distribution of hydrological elements.

关 键 词：水文变异 水文基因 遗传理论 演变规律 水文学原理 非一致性 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学]