基于水培技术的沼液净化及生菜品质提升  

Benign treatment of biogas slurry and improvement in lettuce quality using hydroponics

作　　者：梁飞虹 崔秋芳 涂特 余歌[1] 王文超[1] 晏水平[1] LIANG Fei-hong;CUI Qiu-fang;TU Te;YU Ge;WANG Wen-ehao;YAN Shui-ping(College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, Chin)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院侬业部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2018年第4期788-795,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51376078);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303099);中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金(2015PY077)

摘　　要：以沼液处理后用作农田灌溉用水及低成本生产高品质生菜为目标,采用水培生菜对沼液进行深度净化处理,并以水培前后沼液主要水质参数及生菜品质特性为指标,研究了水培生菜对沼液的净化性能和沼液水培对生菜品质的提升效果,并筛选出了合适的沼液稀释倍数。研究中,先对沼液进行脱氨预处理,然后进行5~30倍稀释后用于水培生菜,并与化学营养液水培效果进行对比。结果表明,采用脱氨沼液水培生菜处理35 d后,氨氮、COD和总磷含量分别下降98.25%~99.34%、83.68%~96.04%和65.94%~80.00%,脱氨沼液的水质指标优于农田灌溉用水标准,且稀释5~15倍的脱氨沼液水培后可在沼液净化效果和节约用水等方面获得综合最优。另外,脱氨沼液可替代营养液用于水培生菜,且生菜的品质更佳,尤其是5~10倍稀释处理。此时,与营养液水培相比,其生菜相对生长量提高60%以上,叶幅变宽4~5 cm,叶片数平均增加2片;类胡萝卜素含量最高提高20.40%,硝态氮含量仅为化学营养液组的2.11%~4.02%,差异显著;还原糖含量提高约7.79%~10.39%,而维生素C含量仅低3.60%~15.40%,差异并不明显。研究表明,沼液脱氨并适当稀释后可以代替化学营养液用于水培生菜,且水培处理后的沼液可以用于灌溉农田。Determining the most effective and low-cost method for treating biogas slurry is one of the biggest issues for large-scale biogas projects. This study aimed to treat biogas slurry for farmland irrigation water and cultivate lettuce of high quality at low cost using hydroponic technology to reduce the concentration of pollutants, including total ammonium nitrogen（TAN ）, chemical oxygen demand （COD）, and total phosphorus （TP）. Effects of the dilution ratio of water on the removal of pollutants and lettuce quality were investigated, and the appropriate dilution ratios for biogas slurry were calculated. Prior to the experiments, ammonium nitrogen was partly removed from the raw biogas slurry using vacuum distillation. The part-treated biogas slurry was then CO： saturated to reduce the pH to about 6.7. Finally, CO2-rieh biogas slurry was diluted using water by 5-30 times as the hydroponic solution for cultivation. Lettuce cultivated in the typical chemical nutrient solution was used as the control. Results showed that after 35 d the water quality of the treated biogas slurry fully met the requirements of farmland irrigation standards, and the concentrations of TAN, COD, and TP were reduced by 98.25% -99.34%, 83.68% -96.04%, and 65.94%-80.00%, respectively. In addition, 5-15 dilution ratios are recommended for higher purification of pollutants and water savings for biogas slurry. After TAN removal, the treated slurry was used to replace the chemical nutrient solution to cultivate lettuce of higher quality.Compared to the nutrient solution, the relative growth of lettuce cultivated in biogas slurry with 5-10 dilution ratios increased by more than 60%, the leaf width increased by 4-5 cm, and the average number of leaves increased by about 2. Furthermore, the difference in the carotenoid and nitrate nitrogen concentrations between lettuce cultivated in biogas slurry and the chemical nutrient solution was significant. However, the differences in the reducing sugar and vitamin C content were not significant. M

关 键 词：沼液 沼液处理 生菜水培 氨氮脱除 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]