磷脂脂肪酸生物标记法分析养猪发酵床微生物群落结构的空间分布  

Spatial distribution of microbial communities in a fermentation bed based on phospholipid fatty acid biomarkers

作　　者：郑雪芳[1] 刘波[1] 朱育菁[1] 王阶平[1] 陈倩倩[1] 魏云华[2] ZHENG Xue-fang;LIU Bo;ZHU Yu-jing;WANG Jie-ping;CHEN Qian-qian;WEI Yun-hua(Agricultural Bio-Resources Institute, Fnjian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China;Agricultural Engineering and Technology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院农业生物资源研究所,福州350003 [2]福建省农业科学院农业工程技术研究所,福州350003

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2018年第4期804-812,共9页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303094);福建省科技重大专项(2015NZ0003-1);福建省农科院科技创新团队项目(STIT2017-1-11)~~

摘　　要：采用磷脂脂肪酸(Phospholipid Fatty Acids,PLFA)生物标记法分析发酵床大栏养猪微生物群落结构的空间分布特点。从发酵床的5个区域(A、B、C、D、E)和3个层次(表层、中间层和底层)采集垫料样品,利用Sherlock MIS 4.5系统分析各样品的PLFA。结果表明,15:00、17:00、a15:0等7种PLFA在各样品中均有分布,为完全分布型,而a12:0和17:1 w6分别只在A区和B区分布,为不完全分布型。指示细菌、真菌、放线菌、革兰氏阳性细菌(G+)、革兰氏阴性细菌(G-)的PLFA及总PLFA在D区表层分布量最大。在各垫料中,PLFA分布量均表现为细菌>真菌>放线菌。A区各层次的真菌/细菌比值显著高于其他区域(P<0.05),而G+/G-比值则显著低于其他区域(P<0.05)。多样性分析表明,不同区域和层次的垫料Simpson指数、Shannon指数和Pielou指数值均呈现显著差异(P<0.05)。聚类分析表明,当兰氏距离为117.1时,可将各样品聚为两个类群:类群Ⅰ包含A区的垫料,其特征是指示不同微生物的PLFA种类少和含量低;类群Ⅱ包含其他4个区域的垫料。当兰氏距离为23.4时,B区和D区各层次样本聚在同一亚类群中,其PLFA种类多、含量高,而C区和E区各层次样本聚在另一亚类群中,其PLFA含量中等。主成分分析表明,主成分1和主成分2基本能将发酵床不同空间垫料样本区分出来,其中A区单独归在一类群,D区和B区归在一类群,C区和E区归在一类群,与聚类分析结果一致。综上,发酵床大栏养猪不同空间的微生物种群结构不同,A区微生物种类少、含量低,而B区和D区微生物种类多、含量高。The spatial distribution of microbial flora in a fermentation bed was analyzed using phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） biomarkers. Padding samples were collected from five areas （A, B, C, D, and E ） and three depths（surface, middle, and bottom） of the fermentation bed. PLFAs in each sample were determined using the Sherlock MIS 4.5 system. The results showed that seven PLFA biomarkers, including 15： 00, 17：00, and a15：0 were distributed in all areas and at all depths of the fermentation bed, conforming to a complete distribution type. Meanwhile, a12：0 and 17：1 w6 were distributed only in areas A and B, respectively, conforming to incomplete distribution types. The highest PLFA contents representing bacteria, fungi, actinomycete, G＋, G-, and total PLFA were all in the surface layer samples of area D, reaching up to 994.24 nmol·g^-1, 286.83 nmol·g^-1, 33.65 nmol ·g^-1, 357.75 nmol·g^-1, 69.38 nmol·g^-1, and 1 315.70 nmol·g^-1, respectively. The PLFA biomarkers displayed the same distribution features in all samples：Bacteria 〉 fungi 〉 actinomycetes. Area A had the highest fungi/ bacteria ratio and the lowest G＋/G- ratio. Diversity analyses indicated that the Simpson and Shannon indexes in area A were lower than those in other areas, while the Pielou index in area A was higher than that in other areas. Cluster analysis revealed that all the samples were clus- tered into two groups at a Lance-distance of 117.1. Group Ⅰ contained only the samples from area A, which had minimum PLFA content and components; Group Ⅱ included the samples from areas B, C, D, and E. Moreover, at a Lance-distance of 23.4, group Ⅱ was divided in- to two subgroups：Samples from areas B and D with the highest PLFA contents and components were clustered into one subgroup; and sam- ples from areas C and E with mid-range PLFA contents were clustered into a second subgroup. Principal components analyses showed that the first and second principal components distinguished samples from different areas of the f

关 键 词：发酵床 大栏养猪 微生物群落结构 磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA) 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]