中印两国人类发展指数比较研究  

A Comparative Study on Human Development Indexes of China and India

作　　者：李钢[1] 张建英 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院工业经济研究所 [2]中国社会科学院研究生院

出　　处：《中国人口科学》2018年第2期13-23,共11页Chinese Journal of Population Science

摘　　要：文章在已有人类发展指数研究的基础上,重新构建了可以同时进行纵向与横向比较的人类发展指数的评估体系,并对中印两国1950年以来的人类发展指数进行了计算。计算结果显示,中印两国在经济与社会发展方面都取得了巨大成就;2014年印度的人类发展指数比1950年增长了2.59倍,而同期中国增长了4.41倍。在构成人类发展指数最重要的3个方面,1950年中国全面落后于印度,印度的人类发展指数比中国高27.17%;到1992年中国实现了全面超越,并且中印之间的差距呈不断扩大的趋势;2014年,中国的人类发展指数比印度高18.61%。进一步的研究显示,中国首先是在1951年教育指数超越印度,然后是1955年寿命指数,最后才是1992年收入指数超越印度。这一方面表明,中国是由于社会发展成功,使经济方面大幅领先于印度;另一方面表明,中国的成功与政府长期以来较好地平衡当期与长远利益,引导整个民族进行长远投资有关。这也表明中国经济发展具有一体性,改革开放前后两个时期不能割断。On the basis of existing studies on the human development index(HDI), this paper reconstructs an evaluation system that enables simultaneous vertical and horizontal comparisons of HDIs and calculates HDIs of China and India since1950. The results show that China and India have both achieved tremendous progresses in their economic and social development. In 2014, India's HDI increased by 2.59 times on the basis of 1950, while China's increased by 4.41 times during the same period of time. Regarding the three most important elements of HDI, China was behind India on all fronts in 1950, when India's HDI was higher than China's by 27.17%. However, China moved ahead on all fronts in1992, and the gaps between two countries kept expanding. By 2014, China's HDI was higher than India's by 18.61%.Further study shows that China surpassed India in education index at first in 1951, followed by longevity index in 1955 and lastly income index in 1992. It shows that, on the one hand, China's greatly surpassing India on the economic front comes for its successful social development. On the other hand, China's success is also attributable to the Chinese government's efforts to balance current and long-term interests and to guide the nation's long-term investment. This finding also shows that current success is not only attributable to the current factors, but also attributable to the historical factors.

关 键 词：中印比较 人类发展指数 收入指数 寿命指数 教育指数 

分 类 号：D61[政治法律—政治学] D735.1[政治法律—中外政治制度]