保护性耕作技术与机具研究进展  

Research Progress of Conservation Tillage Technology and Machine

作　　者：何进[1] 李洪文[1] 陈海涛[2] 卢彩云[1] 王庆杰[1] HE Jin;LI Hongwen;CHEN Haitao;LU Caiyun;WANG Qingjie(College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083 [2]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2018年第4期1-19,共19页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-03); 教育部创新团队发展计划项目(IRT13039); 公益性行业(农业)科研专项资金项目(201503136)

摘　　要：保护性耕作技术主要包括免少耕播种、秸秆残茬管理及表土耕作技术等。在回顾分析国内外保护性耕作技术应用概况、技术模式和效应的基础上,重点阐述了秸秆残茬管理、表土耕作技术与机具、免少耕播种关键技术的工作原理、技术特点及发展动态。结合国内保护性耕作研究进展与应用需求,在分析归纳现阶段保护性耕作技术难点的基础上,从改进机具关键作业部件加工工艺与材料、加强基础理论研究与机具结构优化、提升机具智能化测控与信息化管理、实现农机与农艺结合和形成因地适宜保护性耕作技术体系等方面展望了未来研究方向。Conservation tillage technologies mainly contain no/minimum tillage seeding, crop residue management, subsoilling technology and topsoil tillage technology. Based on the analysis of global adoption, technical modes and application benefits of conservation tillage, this paper reviewed the working principle, technical characteristics and developing trends of conservation tillage in four key parts, including crop straw and residue management, topsoil tillage technologies and machines, no/ minimum tillage seeding key technologies, and subsoiling technologies. Combined with the research progress and application requirements of conservation tillage in China, current technical difficulties were analyzed and generalized, and future research emphasis and development direction were provided as following aspects： improving processing craft and materials of machine＇ s key components, strengthening basic theoretical research, optimizing machine structure, enhancing the intelligent measuring and controlling technologies and information management ability of machines, combination of agricultural machine with agronomy under conservation tillage, forming regional-suited technical pattern and system.

关 键 词：保护性耕作 免少耕播种 秸秆残茬管理 表土耕作 

分 类 号：S226.6[农业科学—农业机械化工程]